Phonetics Final Exam

Question 1

all disorders involving speech sound production

Answer 1

speech sound disorders

Question 2

difficulty with the motor execution of specific speech sounds

Answer 2

articulation disorders

Question 3

difficulty with the sound system of a language or rules governing the combination and order of phonemes in words

Answer 3

phonological disorders

Question 4

what two steps does assessment of speech sound disorders require

Answer 4

formal testing and transcription of a speech sample

Question 5

often begin as a simplifications of adult speech patterns and some are typical for very young children until a certain age

Answer 5

phonological processes

Question 6

list the three categories of phonological processes

Answer 6

syllable structure processes, substitution processes, assimilatory processes

Question 7

the simplification of syllables

Answer 7

syllable structure processes

Question 8

omission of an unstressed syllable in a word

Answer 8

weak syllable deletiona

Question 9

at what age should weak syllable deletion resolve by

Answer 9

4

Question 10

telephone -> /tɛfon/ is an example of

Answer 10

weak syllable deletion

Question 11

omission of the final consonant in a word, resulting in an open final syllable

Answer 11

final consonant deletion

Question 12

at what age should final consonant deletion resolve by

Answer 12

3:6

Question 13

mouse -> /maʊ/ is an example of

Answer 13

final consonant deletion

Question 14

repetition of an entire syllable

Answer 14

total reduplication

Question 15

repetition of just a consonant or just a vowel from the previous syllable

Answer 15

partial reduplication

Question 16

at what age should reduplication resolve by

Answer 16

2:6

Question 17

movie -> /mumu/ is an example of

Answer 17

reduplication

Question 18

omission of a consonant from a consonant cluster

Answer 18

cluster reduction

Question 19

at what age should cluster reduction resolve by

Answer 19

5

Question 20

snow -> /noʊ/, /soʊ/ is an example of what

Answer 20

cluster reduction

Question 21

when you substitute one class of phonemes for another

Answer 21

substitution processes

Question 22

Substitution of stops for fricatives or affricates

Answer 22

stopping

Question 23

at what age should stopping resolve by

Answer 23

5

Question 24

sake -> /teɪk/ is an example of

Answer 24

stopping

Question 25

Substitution of alveolars for palatals or velars

Answer 25

fronting

Question 26

at what age should fronting resolve

Answer 26

2:6-3

Question 27

cat -> /tæt/ is an example of

Answer 27

fronting

Question 28

Substitution of fricatives for affricates

Answer 28

deaffrication

Question 29

at what age should deaffrication resolve by

Answer 29

4

Question 30

juice -> /ʒus/ is an example of

Answer 30

deaffrication

Question 31

Substitution of glides for liquids

Answer 31

gliding

Question 32

at what age should gliding resolve by

Answer 32

6-7

Question 33

blue -> /bwu/ is an example of

Answer 33

gliding

Question 34

substitution of vowels for post-vocalic /r/ or /l/ (often in the final position of words)

Answer 34

vocalization

Question 35

little -> /wɪdoʊ/ is an example of

Answer 35

vocalization

Question 36

alteration in phoneme production due to phonetic environment

Answer 36

assimilatory processes

Question 37

if a child has an assimilatory process by what age would we expect it to resolve by

Answer 37

3

Question 38

list the 5 idiosyncratic processes

Answer 38

glottal replacement, backing, initial consonant deletion, stops replacing a glide, fricative replacing a stop

Question 39

specialized phonetic symbol used to represent different pronunciations of a phoneme (allophones) and suprasegmental features of speech (stress, prosody, etc.)

Answer 39

diacritic

Question 40

no audible release burst associated with the stop, occurs often at the end of words

Answer 40

unreleased stops

Question 41

a noise burst associated with the release of voiceless plosives, occurs often in the initial position of stressed syllables, can also occur at the end of words but should not occur when a voiceless stop follows /s/

Answer 41

aspiration of stops

Question 42

voiceless plosive that is released but not accompanied with an audible release burst, often follows an /s/

Answer 42

unaspirated stop

Question 43

when a vowel sound becomes nasalized because of surrounding nasal consonants, can occur anytime there is a vowel next to a nasal sound can also be used to indicate hyper nasality

Answer 43

nasalization

Question 44

audible air escape through the nose due to improper velopharyngeal closure, can occur due to cleft palate or any velopharyngeal weakness/abnormality

Answer 44

nasal emission

Question 45

nasal phonemes are produced without proper nasal resonance, often associated with colds/ URIs or hypo nasality

Answer 45

denasality

Question 46

when a voiceless phoneme is produced with partial voicing

Answer 46

voicing

Question 47

phonemes that are typically voiced become less voiced because of phonetic context

Answer 47

devoicing

Question 48

a consonant that is not produced with lip rounding becomes rounded due to phonetic context

Answer 48

labialization

Question 49

the tongue tip is making contact with the upper front teeth during production usually due to phonetic context

Answer 49

typical dentalization

Question 50

/s/ and /z/ are produced with the tongue touching the upper incisors (frontal lisp)

Answer 50

disordered dentalization

Question 51

The alveolar consonant /l/ is produced in the velar region, most common in post-vocalic /l/ and in ALL syllablic /l/

Answer 51

velarization

Question 52

list some ways that impact how speech and language may vary

Answer 52

geographic location, education level, socioeconomic status, social or ethnic group membership, gender, age, native language background

Question 53

individual idiosyncratic speech pattern characteristic of your own personality

Answer 53

idiolect

Question 54

the change in the way you speak in different settings

Answer 54

style shifting

Question 55

switching from one dialect to another or one language to another

Answer 55

code switching

Question 56

dialect associated with a particular social class

Answer 56

sociolect

Question 57

dialect associated with a particular ethnic group

Answer 57

ethnolect

Question 58

someone who is considered to be a nonstandard speaker of English is said to have a ____ ____

Answer 58

vernacular dialect

Question 59

present in Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and various other southern states

Answer 59

Southern American English

Question 60

name some characteristics of southern American English

Answer 60

diphthongs are commonly produced as monophthongs, in older folds they may delete the post-vocalic r and replace it with a vowel

Question 61

A commonly discussed ETHNOLECT

Answer 61

African American English

Question 62

List some differences in AAE

Answer 62

Deletion of word-final /t/ and /d/, elision of unstressed initial syllables, diphthongs sometimes become monophthongs, metathesis of /s/ in some words

Question 63

What is the most common language in the US other than English

Answer 63

spanish

Question 64

the influence of one's native language on the learning of a new language

Answer 64

language transfer

Question 65

what influences the extent to which a speaker becomes masterful in the English when Spanish is their first language

Answer 65

age first exposed to English, degree to exposure to English at home, whether family is bilingual or monolingual

Question 66

list some Spanish sounds not found in English

Answer 66

/ꞵ/ , /ɣ/ , /ɲ/ , /x/

Question 67

There are ___ vowels in English, but only ___ vowels in Spanish

Answer 67

14, 5

Question 68

List the 5 vowels in Spanish

Answer 68

(/i, e, a, o, u/)

Question 69

List some characteristics of Spanish-influenced English

Answer 69

devoicing of consonants, /θ/ is produced as /t/, Reduction of final consonant clusters