Phonetics Modules & Notes

Question 1

all glides & liquids are ____

Answer 1

voiced

Question 2

there are _____ graphemes and _____ phonemes in American English

Answer 2

26 42

Question 3

the science of speech, how it is produced and percieved

Answer 3

phonetics

Question 4

rules that govern how speech sounds can be strung together meaningfully

Answer 4

language

Question 5

pattern of movements of the speech organs and a pattern of acoustic vibrations

Answer 5

speech

Question 6

Name the 3 primary acoustic dimensions

Answer 6

frequency
duration
amplitude

Question 7

amplitude & intensity =

Answer 7

loudness

Question 8

the smallest sound/unit of a word that differentiates meaning

Answer 8

phoneme

Question 9

words that differ by only one phoneme/sound (DO NOT have to rhyme)
ex. sip, tip, ship
CVC, VC

Answer 9

minimal pairs

Question 10

different letter sequences that represent the same sound
ex. cake, survey, grey

Answer 10

allographs

Question 11

sound change is fickle/individualistic; surrounding sounds do not affect or influence
ex. in dialects

Answer 11

free variation

Question 12

transcribing basic sounds present in a language AKA phonemic transcription (virgules / /)

Answer 12

broad transcription

Question 13

use of diacritics w/ IPA symbols (brackets [])

Answer 13

narrow transcription

Question 14

3 types of true consonants

Answer 14

stops
fricatives
affricates

Question 15

gliding of 2 vowels together; similar to a diphthong but shorter in duration
ex. will, you

Answer 15

glides

Question 16

airstream flows thro sides of the tongue as tongue tip makes closure at center of the alveolar ridge
ex. low, row

Answer 16

liquids

Question 17

ə tends to be ____

Answer 17

unstressed

Question 18

ʌ tends to be ____ ; found in monosyllabic words

Answer 18

stressed

Question 19

produced by articulating 2 vowels as one phoneme

Answer 19

diphthongs

Question 20

accidental, involuntary speech erros

Answer 20

spoonerisms

Question 21

system that provides E for making a sound

Answer 21

respiratory system

Question 22

system that is the primary source of sound

Answer 22

laryngeal

Question 23

system where sounds are shaped into meaningful phonemes

Answer 23

articulatory

Question 24

these control expiration

Answer 24

internal intercostals

Question 25

these control inspiration

Answer 25

external intercostals

Question 26

VFs are able to blow apart due to elastic nature

Answer 26

Myoelastic aerodynamic theory of phonation

Question 27

when there is a drop in air P due to VFs coming apart, VFs come back together due to________________

Answer 27

bernoulli's effect

Question 28

name the 4 active articulators

Answer 28

lips tongue jaw velum

Question 29

name the 2 passive articulators

Answer 29

teeth hard palate

Question 30

articulators prepare to articulate a phoneme well before an earlier phoneme is fully articulated

Answer 30

coarticulation

Question 31

____ are produced w/ minimal obstruction to the airstream

Answer 31

vowels

Question 32

only ____ vowels are rounded

Answer 32

back

Question 33

all AE vowels are...

Answer 33

voiced

Question 34

name 4 ways to identify a vowel

Answer 34

tongue height tongue placement tenseness roundedness

Question 35

vowels where velopharyngeal port is open, velum is relaxed

Answer 35

nasal

Question 36

____ vowels have an r-color to them. When producing these, your tongue bunches up as if forming /ɹ/ sound

Answer 36

rhotic

Question 37

where tongue is first placed and glide begins

Answer 37

onglide

Question 38

where tongue ends up and where the glide ends

Answer 38

offglide

Question 39

for a vowel to be produced...

Answer 39

sound is produced at glottis sound is filtered thro vocal tract resonator sound passes thro lips into medium

Question 40

breaking up a sound into frequency components and their amplitudes analyzes the acoustic properties of a sound wave

Answer 40

spectral analysis

Question 41

if vowel is high, F1 is_____

Answer 41

low

Question 42

if vowel is front, F2 is _____

Answer 42

high

Question 43

amplification of frequencies that match vocal tract frequencies

Answer 43

resonance frequency

Question 44

image where amplitude can be observed as dark bands of E called formants

Answer 44

spectrogram

Question 45

repetitive cycle of VF abduction and adduction to create periodic sound

Answer 45

glottal source spectrum

Question 46

multiple integers of the fundamental frequency

Answer 46

harmonics

Question 47

the lowest harmonic/frequency is the ____

Answer 47

fundamental frequency

Question 48

amplification of sound of certain frequencies w/ the shape of the oral vocal tract

Answer 48

resonance

Question 49

spaces b/w harmonics. Smaller when FF is low and vice versa

Answer 49

inter-harmonic spaces

Question 50

harmonics are also known as ______

Answer 50

periodic

Question 51

larger the interharmonic space, the .....

Answer 51

louder the pitch

Question 52

F0 =

Answer 52

fundamental frequency

Question 53

who has more interharmonic spacing?

Answer 53

women

Question 54

how does fundamental frequency influence harmonics?

Answer 54

harmonics are integers of FF

Question 55

how does FF influence harmonic structure?

Answer 55

the lower the FF, the more harmonics there will be

Question 56

What is the source spectrum?

Answer 56

FF is the lowest frequency/pitch has harmonic structure the highest amplitude decays by -12dB per octave

Question 57

what do we use to add quality to voice?

Answer 57

vocal tract resonator

Question 58

give an example of encountering Bernoulli's effect IRL

Answer 58

when you blow between 2 pieces of paper held next to each other, the papers will come together due to an unequal distribution of air pressure between and outside of the paper. This mimics the VFs blowing apart and coming together

Question 59

difference between spectrum and spectrogram

Answer 59

spectrum is frequency x amplitude, one moment in time spectrogram is frequency x time, as long as you want

Question 60

study of frequency, duration, and amplitude of speech sounds

Answer 60

acoustic phonetics

Question 61

branch of phonetics that studies how humans discriminate the different speech sounds that a speaker produces

Answer 61

perceptual phonetics

Question 62

the study of how speech sounds are organized in a language to create meaningful words

Answer 62

phonology

Question 63

the science of speech, how it is produced and perceived

Answer 63

phonetics

Question 64

_____ tell us the specific sound that is being produced based on size and shape of the vocal tract

Answer 64

vowel formants

Question 65

each medium has its own....

Answer 65

radiation characterisitics

Question 66

F1

Answer 66

tongue height

Question 67

F2

Answer 67

tongue advancement