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Engelska A > Phonetics rules > Flashcards

Phonetics rules Flashcards

1
Q

/s/ is pronounced in the begin of words starting with:

A

”s”

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2
Q

Short-words that start with /s/ are:

A

this, thus, us

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3
Q

In the nouns use, exchase and in the adjectives loose, close we use…

A

/s/

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4
Q

After a voiceless sound in gramamatical ends we use (plural cups, and genitive Kate’s)

A

/s/

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5
Q

We use /z/ when spelling

A

“z” (prize)

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6
Q

The short-words: as, is, has, was, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs, does these, those, use…

A

/z/

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7
Q

In the verbs use, excuse, lose, close, we use…

A

/z/

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8
Q

After a voiced sound in plurals (jobs) and the genitive (Lad’s) we use…

A

/z/

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9
Q

After /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/ we use…

A

/iz/

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10
Q

-sure (leisure, measure, pleasure)

A

/ʒ/

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11
Q

-sual (casual, usual, visual)

A

/ʒ/

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12
Q

-sion (precision, decision, conclusion)

A

/ʒ/

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13
Q

-ge (garage, massage)

A

/dʒ/, /ʒ/

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14
Q

-ssure (pressure)

A

/ʃ/

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15
Q

consonante+sure (censure)

A

/ʃ/

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16
Q

-tion (mission)

A

/ʃ/

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17
Q

consonant+-sion (mansion)

A

/ʃ/

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18
Q

-scious (conscious)

A

/ʃ/

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19
Q

-cious (precious)

A

/ʃ/

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20
Q

clear /l/ in RP is used…

A

In front of vowels and /j/

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21
Q

AE uses dark /l/

A

in all positions

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22
Q

Linking is when you…

A

speaks words together, as if they are one. (avoid hiatus)

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23
Q

linking /r/ example:

A

Far away vs fa(r)

24
Q

intrusive /r/ is when…

A

you add /r/ that DOES NOT EXIST before vowel sounds to avoid hiatus

Victoria (r) and Albert museum

25
Q

If the sound following an article is a vowel we use… (articles)

A

/an/, /ði/

26
Q

if the sound following an article is a consonant we use… (articles)

A

/a/, /ðɚ/

27
Q

Assimilation is when…

A

consonant sounds that are next to each other become more similar. It can be progresive or regressive.

28
Q

Regressive assimilation is when…

A

You change the previous sound type to match the next (ex: bat man).
Alveolar consonants (t, d, n) take the place of articulation of ths sound that follows, becoming bilabial before /p, b, m/, velar before /g, k/

29
Q

Progressive assimilation is when…

A

You change the next sound type to match the previous one (ex: what is /iz/ becomes what’s /s/)

30
Q

elision

A

Word-final /t, d/ before a consonant, are often dropped in rapid specially. Especially common in unstressed syllables and monosyllabic words. exemple: /neks dei/

31
Q

function words are normally…

A

unstressed

32
Q

content words are normally…

A

stressed

33
Q

Function words are normally pronounced as (strong or weak form)

A

weak form

34
Q

Function words carry stress when (2 options):

A

They appear last in a clause
You want to emphasise them

35
Q

words with 2 or 3 syllables are often stressed…

A

In the first syllable (‘animal, ‘elegant, ‘indicate)

36
Q

long words (four or more syllables) are often stressed…

A

Antepenultime rule: stress on third syllable from end.
Ca’tastrophy, a’nalysis, inter’mediate

37
Q

VERBS with prefix are stressed on…

A

On the first syllable AFTER the prefix.
to in’sult, to re’cord, to ob’ject

38
Q

NOUNS with prefix are stressed on…

A

The prefix itself.
an ‘insult, a ‘record, an ‘object

39
Q

Words with ROMANCE suffixes are stressed..

A

word final stress.
Tange’rine, Roma’nesque, refe’ree

40
Q

‘ic(s) and i/e + vowel sound with consonant are stresssed on…

A

the syllable before the suffix.
sta’tistics, ener’getic, ma’terial, fa’miliar

41
Q

-ry, and -ny words are stressed…

A

on the fourth syllable form the end:
vo’cabulary, ‘matrimony

42
Q

Secondary stress normally appears…

A

two syllables before the main stress.

43
Q

Double stress occurs in…

(6 items)

A
  1. numerals (‘four’teen)
  2. adjectival compounds (‘absent’minded, ‘good-‘looking)
  3. first element of words that describe location (‘up’stairs, ‘week’ends)
  4. place name, but not streets (‘Hyde ‘Park)
  5. Nationality words in -ese (‘Japa’nese)
  6. “made of” compounds (‘clay’pot, ‘gold ‘chain)
44
Q

Difference between those two exemples is that…
‘English teacher
‘English ‘teacher

A

first is a compound (someone who teaches English)

45
Q

Declarative sentences carry rising or falling tone?

A

Falling.

NB: if you use rising tone in statements you sound uncertain, as if you are asking a question

46
Q

WH-questions carry rising or falling tone?

A

Falling.

NB: if you use rising tone you may sound overly interested and impolite.

47
Q

Normal exclamations carry rising or falling tone?

A

Falling tone.

48
Q

Normal commands such as “Don’t play with your food” carry rising or falling tone?

A

Falling tone.
NB: you can use rising tone to sound polite or inviting.

49
Q

Tag questions asking for confirmation and making comments like “that wouldn’t help, would it?) carry rising or falling tone?

A

Falling tone.
NB: used when being ironic.

50
Q

A sincere “thank you” carry rising or falling tone?

A

Falling tone.
NB: raising tone means a routine thanks.

51
Q

Normal yes/no questions carry rising or falling tone?

A

Rising tone.
NB: A falling tone in offers is impolite and uninterested.

52
Q

Enumarations and questions with alternatives carry rising or falling tone?

A

Raising, except the last one, which is a rising tone: Do you prefer maths /, physics /, history /, or PE ↘︎?

53
Q

Adverbials clauses precending a main cluse such as “just as I was leaving, ….” carry rising or falling tone?

A

Falling. Main clause carries rising.

54
Q

Tag questions asking for information carry rising or falling tone?

A

Rising tone.
NB: A falling tone indicates disappointment.

55
Q

“Please” at the end to indicate politeness carry rising or falling tone?

A

Raising tone.
NB: Falling tone is rude, demanding.

Engelska A (4 decks)

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