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Phonics Exam Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

The ability to manipulate the sounds in words orally

A

Phonemic Awareness

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2
Q

A written representation of a sound using one or more letters

A

Grapheme

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3
Q

A sound; it is represented with slashes (e.g., /s/ and /th/)

A

Phoneme

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4
Q

A voiced speech sound made without friction or stoppage of the airflow as it passes through the vocal tract (e.g., a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w and y)

A

Vowel

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5
Q

A speech sound characterized by friction or stoppage of the airflow as it passes through the vocal tract (usually any letter except a, e, i, o, and u)

A

Consonant

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6
Q

The vowel sounds represented by /ă/ as in cat

A

Short Vowels

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7
Q

The vowel sounds that are also names of the alphabet letters: /ā/ as in make

A

Long Vowels

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8
Q

To combine the sounds represented by letter to pronounce a word

A

Blend or Blending

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9
Q

To pronounce a word slowly, saying each sound distinctly

A

Segment or Segmenting

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10
Q

The sound that starts the word

A

Initial

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11
Q

Sound in the middle of the word

A

Medial

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12
Q

Sound at the end of the word

A

Final

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13
Q

Two adjacent consonants that represent a sound not represented by either consonant alone

A

Consonant digraph

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14
Q 
The following are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
th - this
ch - chin
sh - wash 
ph - telephone
A

Consonant digraph

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15
Q

Two or more adjacent vowels in a syllable that represent a single sound. Ex: nail or snow

A

Vowel digraph

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16
Q 
The following are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
bread
eight
pain
saw
A

Vowel digraph

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17
Q

A rime or word family

A

Phonograms

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18
Q

The following are examples of _________

bill, gill, hill, chill, will, quill, thrill

A

Phonograms/Word Families

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19
Q

The part of the syllable (or one-syllable word) that comes before the vowel

A

Onset

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20
Q

What is the onset in the word string?

What is the rime in the word string?

A

Onset: str-
Rime: -ing

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21
Q

The part of the syllable (or one-syllable word) that begins with the vowel

A

Rime

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22
Q

When one or more vowels in a word are followed by an r. The r influences the pronunciation of the vowel sound

A

R-controlled vowels

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23
Q

The vowels in the unaccented syllables of multisyllabic words are often softened and pronounced “uh”, for example: about, machine, zebra, selection, tunnel

A

Schwa

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24
Q

A one-syllable word that has only one vowel and the vowel becomes two consonants

A

CVC Words

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25
When there are two vowels in a one-syllable word and one of them is an e at the end of the word. The first vowel is long and the final e is silent
CVCe or Final E Words
26
Words that sound alike and are spelled alike but have different meanings. For example: a baseball bat vs. the animal that is called a bat
Homographic Homophones
27
Words that are spelled alike but are pronounced differently. Ex: present (as in a presentation) and present (gift)
Homographs
28
Words that sound alike but are spelled differently. Ex: sea and see, their they're and there
Homonyms
29
Added to the beginning of a word. Ex: re- added to the word replay
Prefix
30
Added to the end of the word. Ex: -ing added to the word playing
Suffix
31
Matching letters to sounds, blending sounds to form words, and decoding and spelling vowel patterns
Graphophenemic relationships
32
Occur when two or three consonants appear next to each other in words and their individual sounds are "blended" together, as in the words - grass, belt, and spring.
Consonant blends
33
When two vowels represent a glide from one sound to another. For example: oi and oy
Vowel diphthong
34
Forming or dividing words into syllables
Syllabication
35
When children begin to make sense of the alphabetic code, what three activities do they do?
1 - Phonemic awareness 2 - Phonics 3 - Spelling
36
What does phonemic awareness primarily deal with?
Sounds
37
Why is phonemic awareness important?
- Provides a foundation for phonics and spelling - Prerequisite for reading - Most powerful predictor of later reading achievement
38
Phonemes are the smallest unit of _______
Sound
39
When phonemes are written down, they are called _______
Graphemes
40
What are some examples of phonemic activities?
- Identifying sounds in words - Categorizing sounds in words - Blending sounds in words - Segmenting sounds in words - Singing songs/Nursery rhymes - Rhyming - Reading aloud books with word play
41
True of False: There is a perfect correspondence between graphemes and phonemes
False. There is NOT a perfect correspondence between graphemes and phonemes
42
How many graphemes are there?
26
43
How many phonemes are there?
44
44
How many ways are there to represent phonemes?
Over 500
45
How many graphemes and phonemes are in the word KITE
4 graphemes | 3 phonemes
46
How many graphemes and phonemes are in the word PANCAKE
7 graphemes | 3 phonemes
47
All phonemes are classified as either consonants or ______
Vowels
48
_____ are usually taught first because they consistently represent a single sound (phoneme)
Consonants
49
Name some "hard c" words
Cat, car, cut, cough, can, crayon, cave, cup, cone, corn, color, cry, call, crown
50
Name some "soft c" words
City, ice, cycle, cent, center, cell, ceiling
51
Name some "hard g" words
Gate, good, grape, great, goat, gum, gift, grade, get, girl
52
Name some "soft g" words
Gem, gypsy, genuine, gentleman, giraffe
53
When two or three consonants appear next to each other and their individual sounds are blended together, they are called _________
Consonant Blends
54
Name some consonant blends
BLend, PLug, FLag, PRize, SMall, PLant, BLoom, etc.
55
When consonants are put together in letter combinations representing a single sound, they are called _______
Consonant Digraphs
56
Name some consonant digraphs
Any words with sh, ch, th, wh, and ph. Ex: chop, wish, chair, share, that, thing, chin, ship, mash, etc.
57
The five typical vowels are...
a, e, i, o, and u
58
What two consonants become vowels when used in the middle and end of words?
W and Y
59
Vowels can be either long or ______.
Short
60
______ words are usually taught first because of their predictable nature and the vowel is usually short
CVC words
61
Name some examples of CVC words
Cat, hug, bug, map, bit, mad, mug, tug, bed, fed, rug, hat, van, mat, etc.
62
_____ vowels are usually spelled with two vowels unless it is at the end of a one-syllable word
Long
63
Most vowel combinations are called ______
Vowel Digraphs
64
Name some words with an r-controlled vowel
mORe, fIRst, gARden, spidER, stAR, sIR
65
Are r-controlled vowels long or short?
Neither!
66
Divide the following words into onsets and rimes: ball, show, black, slice, quit
``` b-all sh-ow bl-ack sl-ice q-uit ```
67
Teachers usually refer to onsets, rimes, and phonograms as _______
Word Families (the term word families, phonograms, and onset-rimes are often interchanged and mean the same thing)
68
True or false: very few phonics rules can be applied in 100% of situations
True
69
How should phonics be taught?
Direct instruction and authentic applications
70
Phonics should be taught in a _______ nature with the ______ concepts being taught first.
Sequential | Simplest
71
In what order would you teach the following phonics concepts: r-controlled, CVC words, consonants, long vowels, short vowels, CVCe words, hard and soft sounds
1. Consonants 2. Short vowels 3. CVC words 4. Long Vowels (hearing them in words) 5. CVCe Words 6. Hard and Soft C & G 7. R-controlled vowels
72
Give examples of vowel diphthongs
Boy, boil, toy, foil, oil
73
Give examples of common long vowel digraphs
Day, way, drain, stain, main, brain, may, stay
74
Give examples of long vowel CVCe words
Name, made, ice, kite, nice, five
75
Give an example of a phonogram (word families)
``` -ig wig pig rig big dig ```

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