PHONO PROCESSES Flashcards
(21 cards)
Backing (substitution)
Substituting alveolar sounds with velar sounds
Example: “gog” for “dog”
Fronting (substitution)
When velar or palatal sounds are substituted with alveolar sounds
Example: “tootie” for “cookie”
Gliding (substitution)
When /r/ becomes a /w/ and /l/ becomes a /w/ or /j/ sound
Example: “wabbit” for “rabbit”
“yeyo” for “yellow”
Stopping (substitution)
When a fricative or affricative is substituted with a stop consonant
Example: “pan” for “fan”
“dump” for “jump”
Vowelization (substitution)
When the /l/ sounds are replaced with a vowel
Example: “appo” for “apple”
“papuh” for “paper”
Affrication (substitution)
When a nonaffricate is replaced with an affricate
Example: “joor” for “door”
Deaffrication (substitution)
When an affricate is replaced with a fricative or stop
Example: “ships” for “chips”
Alveolarization (substitution)
When a non alveolar sound is substituted with an alveolar sound
Example: “tu” for “shoe”
Depalatization (substitution)
When a palatal sound is substituted for a non-palatal sound
Example: “fit” for “fish”
Labialization (substitution)
When a nonlabial sound is replaced with a labial sound
Example: “pie” for “tie”
Assimilation (assimilation)
When a consonant sound starts to sound like another sound in the word
Example: “bub” instead of “bus”
Denasalization (assimilation)
When a nasal consonant changes to a non-nasal consonant
Example: “dose” for “nose”
Final Consonant Devoicing (assimilation)
When a voiced consonant at the end of a word is substituted with a voiceless consonant
Example: “pick” for “pig”
Prevocalic voicing (assimilation)
When a voiceless consonant at the end of a word is substituted with a voiced consonant
Example: “gomb” for “comb”
Coalescence (assimilation)
When two phonemes are substituted with a different phoneme that has similar features
Example: “foon” for “spoon”
Reduplication (syllable structure)
When a complete or incomplete syllable is repeated
Example: “wawa” for “water”
“baba” for “bottle”
Cluster reduction (syllable structure)
When a consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant
Example: “pane” for “plane”
“gandma” for “grandma”
Final consonant deletion (syllable structure)
when the final consonant in a word is left off
Example: “toe” for “toad”
Initial consonant deletion (syllable structure)
When the initial consonant in a word is left off
Example: “unny” for “bunny”
Weak syllable deletion (syllable structure)
When the weak syllable in a word is deleted
Example: “nana” for “banana”
Epenthesis (syllable structure)
When a sound is added between two consonants, typically the “uh” sound
Example: “buhlue” for “blue”
“puhlease” for “please”
