Phonological milestones

Question 1

What is reduplication?

Answer 1

The complete or partial repetition of one of the syllables in the word in replacement of the other syllable.

Question 2

When should reduplication process start to fade out?

Answer 2

2 yrs

Question 3

What age should reduplication be eliminated by?

Answer 3

2:6

Question 4

Example of reduplication.

Answer 4

bobo=bottle

dudu=dummy

Question 5

What is consonant harmony

Answer 5

All consonants in a word are harmonised to share a similar characteristic such as where it is produced in the mouth.

Question 6

At what age does consonant harmony start to fade out?

Answer 6

2 yrs

Question 7

What age does consonant harmony get eliminated?

Answer 7

3 years

Question 8

example of consonant harmony.

Answer 8

tat=cat
dod/gog=dog
first and last letter same

Question 9

what is consonant sensitive voicing?

Answer 9

All word initial consonants are voiced.

Question 10

at what age does CSV fade out?

Answer 10

2 yrs

Question 11

At what age should CSV be eliminated?

Answer 11

3yrs

Question 12

What does CSV stand for?

Answer 12

context sensitive voicing

Question 13

e.g of CSV.

Answer 13

pat=bat
pig=big
any examples of changes in word final position to a voiced consonant

Question 14

What is devoicing

Answer 14

All word final consonants are voiceless.

Question 15

at what age does devoicing start to fade out?

Answer 15

2 yrs

Question 16

at what age should devoicing be eliminated by?

Answer 16

3yrs

Question 17

eg. of devoicing.

Answer 17

pad=pat

bad=bak

Question 18

what is fronting?

Answer 18

Place in the mouth were the sound is articulated is moved forward.

Question 19

at what age does fronting start to fade out?

Answer 19

2 yrs

Question 20

at what age should fronting be eliminated by?

Answer 20

3’2 yrs

Question 21

e.g. of fronting

Answer 21

car=tar
goat=doat
pig=pid

Question 22

What does FCD stand for?

Answer 22

Final consonant deletion

Question 23

what age does FCD start to fade out?

Answer 23

2 yrs

Question 24

at what age should FCD be eliminated by?

Answer 24

3 yrs

Question 25

e.g. of FCD.

Answer 25

dog=do | mum=mu

Question 26

What is cluster reduction?

Answer 26

Reduction of a cluster such as "sp" or "fl'/ | reduction means deletion

Question 27

At what age does cluster reduction fade out?

Answer 27

2 yrs

Question 28

at what age does CR get eliminated by?

Answer 28

3 yrs

Question 29

e.g of Cr.

Answer 29

plane=pane flag=fag spoon=poon splash=plash

Question 30

what is WSD?

Answer 30

weak syllable deletion

Question 31

What is WSD?

Answer 31

When the unstressed syllable in a sound is not produced/deleted. emphasis on the weak syllable bit

Question 32

at what age does WSD start to fade out?

Answer 32

2 yrs

Question 33

at what age does WSD get eliminated by?

Answer 33

4 yrs

Question 34

e.g. of WSD

Answer 34

banana=nana

Question 35

what is stopping?

Answer 35

some consonant sounds that are produced as fricatives or approximants are stopped and produced as plosive sounds

Question 36

what frictaives or approximants are likely to be stopped?

Answer 36

/f/ /v/ /th/ /th/s/z/sh/ch/j/

Question 37

what's sound types are affected by stopping?

Answer 37

fricatives and approximants

Question 38

fricative/approximant sounds produced as plosives is known as

Answer 38

stopping

Question 39

at what age does stopping for each phoneme begin to fade out?

Answer 39

``` /f/ – 2 years /v/ – 2 years /th/ – 2 years /th/ – 2 years /s/ – 2 years /z/ – 2 years /sh/- 2.6 years /ch/ – 2 years /j/ – 2 years ```

Question 40

at what age should the stopping of the fric and approx gets be eliminated?

Answer 40

``` /f/ – 3 years /v/ – 3.5 years /th/ – 5 years /th/ – 5 years /s/ – 3 years /z/ – 3.5 years /sh/- 4.4 years /ch/ – 4.7 years /j/ – 4.7 years ```

Question 41

e.g. of stopping

Answer 41

van=pan jump=dump sun=tun thay=dat

Question 42

what is Gliding?

Answer 42

hen the /r/ sound becomes /w/ and /l/ becomes /j/ or /w/

Question 43

At what age does gliding begin to fade out?

Answer 43

2 yrs

Question 44

at what age should gliding be eliminated?

Answer 44

6 yrs

Question 45

e.g. of gliding

Answer 45

red=wed | yellow=yeyow

Question 46

What are the unusually phonological errors?(5)

Answer 46

affrication of plosives, backing, glottal replacement, initial consonant deletion metathesis,

Question 47

what are the usual phonological errors? (10)

Answer 47

consonant harmony, CSV (context sensitive voicing), cluster reduction, devoicing, FCR(final cluster reduction),fronting, gliding, reduplication, stopping, WSD(weak syllable deletion),

Question 48

what is backing?

Answer 48

Sounds produced further front of the mouth such as /t/ and /d/ are replaced by sounds made towards the back of the mouth such as /c/ and /g/

Question 49

e.g. of backing

Answer 49

top=cop | doll=goll

Question 50

what is initial consonant deletion?

Answer 50

When the initial consonant in a word is not produced omitted

Question 51

e.g. of Initial consonant deletion

Answer 51

cat=at | ball=all

Question 52

what is glottal replacement

Answer 52

can be: when the initial consonant in a word is not produced e.g. puppy=pu-ee or hen a stop sound made at the glottal is put into the child's production of a word e.g. puppy=pu-ppy

Question 53

what is metathesis?

Answer 53

the order of the consonants in a word is altered

Question 54

e.g. of meathesis

Answer 54

elphant=efalant

Question 55

what is affrication of plosives?

Answer 55

when a plosive sound is produced as affricate

Question 56

e.g. of affrication of plosive.

Answer 56

toy=choy | dog=jog