Phonological processes Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is a phonological process?
patterns of sound errors that children make when they are learning to speak
What is a phonological disorder?
when phonological processes continue beyond the age when a child is expected to stop saying them
What are the three types of phonological processes?
substitution, assimiliation, and syllable structure
What is backing?
a substitution error where a child substitutes alveolar sounds (such as /t/ and /d/) with velar sounds (such as /g/ and /k/); e.g. gog for dog
What is assimilation?
a phonological process where a consonant sound begins to sound like another sound in the same word; ex. bub for bus
What is cluster reduction?
a syllable structure error in which a consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant; e.g. “cay” for “clay”
What is fronting?
a substitution error in which a child substitutes a velar or palatal sound for an alveolar sound; eg. “tootie” for “cookie”
What is gliding?
a substitution error in which a child substitutes /r/ with “w” or /l/ with y or r; eg. “Wabbit” for “Rabbit” or yeyow for yellow
What is denasalization?
an assimilation error in which a nasal consonant turns into a non-nasal consonant; eg “doze” for “nose”
What is final consonant deletion?
a syllable structure error in which the final consonant in a word is left off; ex. “toe” for “toad”
What is stopping?
a substitution error in which a fricative or affricate is substituted for a stop; eg. “dan” for “fan” or “tump” for “jump”
What is final consonant devoicing?
an assimilation error in which a voiced consonant at the end of a word is substituted for a voiceless consonant; eg. “toab” for “toad”
What is initial consonant deletion?
a syllable structure error in which the initial consonant in a word is left off; eg: “unny” for “bunny”
What is weak syllable deletion?
a syllable structure error in which the weak syllable in a word is deleted; eg. “bout” for “About”
What is epenthesis?
a syllable structure error in which a sound is added between two consonants, typically the uh sound; eg. bu-lue instead of blue
What is vowelization?
A substituion error in which /l/ or er sounds are replaced with a vowel; e.g. “appo” for “apple” or “papuh” for “paper”
What is affrication?
a substitution error in which a non-affricate is replaced with an affricate (ch or j); e.g. “joor” for “door”
What is deaffrication?
a substitution error in which an affricate is replaced with a fricative; eg. “ships” for “chips”.
What is alveolarization?
A substitution error in which a nonalveolar sound is replaced with an alveolar sound; eg. “tad” for “tap” or “tu” for “shoe”
What is depalatization?
A substitution error in which a palatal sound is substituted with a nonpalatal sound; e.g. “fit” for “fish”
What is labialization?
A substitution error in which a labial sound replaces a nonlabial sound; e.g. “pie” for “tie”
What is prevocalic voicing?
An assimilation error in which a voiceless consonant in the beginning of a word like /k/ or /f/ is substituted with voiced consonant like /g/ or /v/; e.g. gite for kite
What is coalescence?
An assimilation error when two phonemes are substituted with a different phoneme that still has similiar features; e.g. “foon” for “spoon”
What is reduplication?
An assimilation error when a complete or incomplete syllable is repeated; e.g. “baba” for “bottle”
