Phonological processes Flashcards
(64 cards)
3 types of phonological process
- substitution
- assimilation
- syllable structure
10 types of substitution
- backing
- fronting
- gliding
- stopping
- vowelisation
- affrication
- deaffrication
- alveolarisation
- depalatilisation
- labialisation
5 types of assimilation
- denasalisation
- devoicing
- prevocalic voicing
- coalescence
- reduplication
4 types of syllable structure
- cluster reduction
- final consonant deletion
- weak syllable deletion
- initial consonant deletion
what is backing
when a sound that is supposed to be produced in the front of the mouth (t, d) is replaced by a sound that is made in the back of the mouth
example of backing
“cap” for “tap”
when should backing be resolved by?
age 4
what is fronting?
when a sound that is supposed to be produced in the back of the mouth (k, g) is replaced by a sound that is made in the front of the mouth
example of fronting
“tat” for “cat”
when should fronting be resolved by?
age 4
what is gliding?
when the R sound is substitued for a W sound and/or the L sound is substituted for W or Y
example of gliding
“wed” for “red”
“yearn” for “learn”
when should gliding be resolved by?
age 6
what is stopping?
when ta fricative (S, F) or affricate (CH, J) is substitued with a stop consonant (G, D, T, K, B, P)
example of stopping
“tee” for “see”
when should stopping be resolved by?
F,S - age 3
Z,V - age 4
SH, CH, J, TH - age 5
what is vowelisation?
when the ER or L sound is replaced by a vowel sound
example of vowelisation
“appo” for “apple”
when should vowelisation be resolved by?
age 6
what is affrication
when a non-affricate sound is replaced by an affricate sound
example of affrication
“joor” for “door”
when should affrication be resolved by?
age 3
what is deaffrication?
when an affricate sound is replaced by a fricative sound
example of deaffrication
“chip” for “ship”
