Phonological Processes Flashcards
(20 cards)
Stopping
A fricative is replaced with a stop
ex: /pat/ for /fat/
Deaffrication
An affricate is replaced with a stop
/sop/ for /chop/
Fronting
A velar or palatal sound is replaced with an alveolar sound
/top/ for /chop/
Depalatization
A palatal fricative (sh or zh as in measure) is replaced with an alveolar fricative (s or z)
/tek/ for /check/
Gliding
A liquid sound is replaced with a glide sound
/wing/ for /ring/
Backing
An alveolar sound is replaced with a velar or palatal sound
/kop/ for /top/
Vocalization / Vowelization
A syllabic liquid is replaced with a vowel
Unstressed Syllable Deletion
The syllable with the least amount of stress is not said
/medo/ for /tomato/
Reduplication
The syllable of a target word is repeated which creates a multi-syllabic word form
*can be total or partial
/baba/ for /bottle/
Dimunization
An “-ee” and sometimes a consonant + “-ee” added to a target word
/cup-ee/ for /cup/
Epenthesis
An unstressed vowel, usually ‘uh’, is said between two consonants
/cup-uh/ for /cup/
Final Consonant Deletion
A consonant or consonant cluster is left off the end of a word
/boo/ for books
Initial Consonant Deletion
The first single consonant or consonant cluster at the beginning of the word is not said
/own/ for /phone/
Cluster Reduction
Some or all parts of a cluster are deleted or substituted
*can be total or partial
/top/ for /stop/
Labial Assimilation
A sound is changed to a labial sound because of another labial sound in a word
*can be total or partial
/bub/ for /bup/
Velar Assimilation
A non-alveolar sound is changed to a velar sound
*can be total or partial
/kug/ for /cup/
Nasal Assimilation
A non-nasal sound is changed to a nasal because of another nasal sound in the word
*can be total or partial
/mom/ for /mop/
Alveolar Assimilation
A non-alveolar sound is changed to an alveolar sound
*can be total or partial
/tot/ for /top/
Prevocalic voicing
A voiceless sound that comes before a vowel is changed to a voiced sound
/den/ for /ten/
Postvocalic Voicing
A voiced stop, fricative, or affricate that follows a vowel is changed to a voiceless sound (devoiced)
/pick/ for /pig/
