Phonological Rules

Question 1

Rule #2 Voiceless stops/p,t,k/ become aspirated [ʰ]

Answer 1

when syllabic initial Ex pit => [pʰɪt]

Question 2

Rule #5 Voiceless stops /p,t,k/ become unaspirated after /s/

Answer 2

at the beginning of syllable Ex stop => [stap]

Question 3

Rule #7 Approximants /w,ɹ,j,l/ become partially devoiced [̥]

Answer 3

after aspirated stops Ex pray => [pʰɹ̥e]

Question 4

Rule #8 Stops are unexploded before

Answer 4

stops Ex risked => [ɹɪsk̚t]

(often occurs with words that end in -ed)

Question 5

Rule #9 Voiceless stops /p,t,k/ are preceded by glottal /ʔ/ stops after

Answer 5

a vowel and at the end of the syllable

Ex: steep ==> [stiʔp]

Question 6

Rule #10 Voicelss alveolar stop /t/ becomes glottal stops /ʔ/ before

Answer 6

an alveolar nasal /n/ in the same word.

Ex: eaten [ˈiʔn]

Question 7

Rule #11 Nasals /m,n,ŋ/ become syllabic [ ̩] at the end of the word

Answer 7

and after an obstruent (fricative, stops, affricatives]

Ex: nation ==> [ˈneʃn̩]

Question 8

Rule #12a Liquids /ɹ, l/ become syllabic [ ̩] at the end of a word and

Answer 8

after a consonant.

Ex. pedal ==> [[pʰɛdɫ̩] or whistle [ˈhwɪsɫ̩]

Question 9

Rule #13a Alveolar nasal /n/ + stops /t/ or /d/ become a voiced flap /ɾ/ between

Answer 9

a stressed vowel and unstressed vowel

Ex: painter ==> [ˈpaɪnɾɚ]

Question 10

Rule 13 Alveolar stops /t/ or /d/ become a voiced flap /ɾ/ between

Answer 10

a stressed vowel and unstressed vowel

Ex: betty => [ˈbɛɾɪ] or daddy => [ˈdæɾɪ}