Phonology

Question 1

Phoneme

Answer 1

The smallest unit of language described in written language between two /_/. They are not meaningful, but together build meaningful words.

Question 2

morpheme

Answer 2

The smallest meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further without taking away from the meaning.

Question 3

phonology

Answer 3

The study of abstract categories that organize the sound system of language.

Question 4

Spectrogram

Answer 4

A graphic representation of frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that gives the hearing impression of speech sounds.

Question 5

phone

Answer 5

physical realization of a speech sound like voiceless or voiced alveolar approximant

Question 6

Allophone

Answer 6

Alternate realizations of the same phoneme

Question 7

Distribution

Answer 7

Different position in which speech sounds can occur or cannot occur in the words of language

Question 8

phonetic context

Answer 8

the position in which a particular sound can or cannot occur

Question 9

Complimentary distribution

Answer 9

2 sounds that can be distributed in such a way that one can occur where the other cannot occur

Question 10

Minimal pairs

Answer 10

pair of words which differ in only one sound but different in meaning (Shy, Sky) (Real, Reel)

Question 11

released consonant

Answer 11

a plosive consonant that is released after a word such as that in the word clap [p]

Question 12

unreleased consonant

Answer 12

a consonant such as [p] that is not plosive no air is released note as [p̚]

Question 13

Free variation

Answer 13

in a word such as clap the users ability to decide which allophone they use [klæp] or [klæp̚]

Question 14

word final position

Answer 14

a consonant ending at the end of a word

Question 15

Neutralization

Answer 15

in particular context a contrast between phonemes becomes invisible

Question 16

final devoicing

Answer 16

voiced phonemes have voiceless allophones in word final positions

Question 17

Aspirated stop

Answer 17

stops that is produced with an extra breath of air [pʰ] pat [tʰ] top

Question 18

constituents

Answer 18

elements that make up syllables

Question 19

Syllabic consonants

Answer 19

Consonant that occupy the central part of a syllable

Question 20

Nucleus

Answer 20

can be a slot for a vowel, dipthong, or syllabic consonant

Question 21

vowel epenthesis

Answer 21

insertion of vowels into syllables

Question 22

syllabification

Answer 22

assigning syllables structure to words

Question 23

maximal onset principal

Answer 23

given a sequence of consonants and vowels syllabification proceeds in such a way that as many consonants as possible end up in the onset

Question 24

sonority

Answer 24

term for the category that captures our acoustic impression of clear audibility

Question 25

Sonority sequencing principle

Answer 25

sounds preceding the nucleus onset must must rise the sonority, and sound following the nucleus (i.e. codas) must fall sonority

Question 26

Syllable

Answer 26

a unit of speech for which there is no satisfactory definition, necessary units of in the mental organization and production of utterances