Phonology-ENG 211 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Phonology
The study of categories that organize the sound system of a language.
Spectogram
Used with the help of a speech analysis program its a graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that give the hearing impression of speech sounds.
Phone
A physical realisation of a speech sound like the voiceless or the voiced alveolar approximant.
Allophones of the Phoneme
Phones which function as alternant realisations of the same phoneme.
Distribution
Refers to the different positions in which a speech sound can occur or cannot occur in the words of a language.
Complementary Distribution.
Two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other cannot occur.
Minimal Pair
A pair of words which differ in only one sound, but differ in meaning
Final Devoicing
The fact that a voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in word-final position.
Aspirated Stop
The variant of /p/ that occurs in pin.
Aspiration
The process of aspirating stops.
t/d Flapping
Here both /t/ and /d/ can be realized as [ɾ].
Rhotic Varieties of English
Those in which r-sounds can occur in word-final position
Constituents
The elements that make up a syllable.
Syllabic Consonants
Consonants which occupy the central part of the syllable.
Nucleus of the syllable
Our ‘slot for a vowel’.
Onset
Prevocalic Slot
Coda
Postvocalic Slot.
Vowel Epenthesis
Insertion of vowels into syllables.
Syllabification
Assigning syllable structure to words.
Sonority
The definition for the category that captures our acoustic impression of ‘clear audibility’.
Maximal Onset Principle
Given a sequence of consonants and vowels, syllabification proceeds in such a way that as many consonants as possible end up in an onset, even
if the language allows codas.
Non-Rhotic Varieties of English
R-sounds do not seem to occur in word-final position.
Velarised
The third realisation of /l/ found in (14), [ɫ].
Dark l
Realisation of /l/.
