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IB Biology SL > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two stages of photosynthesis

A

• Light-dependent
• Light-independent

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2
Q

Why is oxygen produced by photosynthesis?

A

Waste product from the photolysis of water

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3
Q

What term is used for the organisms that produce carbon compounds by photosynthesis?

A

Autotrophs

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4
Q

What is the wavelength range of visible light?

A

400-700nm

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5
Q

Which colour has the shortest wavelength?

A

Violet

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6
Q

Which colour has the longest wavelength?

A

Red

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7
Q

What is an absorption spectrum?

A

It shows you which pigments absorb which colours and at what wavelengths those pigments absorb that colour (if at all)

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8
Q

Name the two most common forms of chlorophyll

A

Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

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9
Q

Which colours are absorbed by Chlorophyll in the greatest quantity?

A

Red and violet

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10
Q

Why do structures containing chlorophyll appear green?

A

Because they absorb all colours but green, which is reflected instead

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11
Q

What does the action spectrum show?

A

It shows how certain colours (wavelengths) affect the rate of photosynthesis

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12
Q

In which colour is the maximum rate of photosynthesis achieved?

A

Purple-blue colour (wavelength of about 450nm)

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13
Q

In which colour is there an additional peak (action spectrum)?

A

Red

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14
Q

The rate of photosynthesis can be measured by measuring:

A

The amount of bubbles (O2) produced by pond weed in a test tube of water in a specific amount of time (e.g. a minute)

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15
Q

Identify 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

• Temperature
• CO2 concentration
• Light intensity

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16
Q

Below which concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide will the rate of photosynthesis fall to 0

A

0.01%

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17
Q

Between which concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide will the concentration of carbon dioxide be a limiting factor?

A

0.01% - 0.04%

18
Q

Explain why carbon dioxide concentration is a limiting factor between the concentrations of 0.01% and 0.04%?

A

Because the rate of successful collisions between CO2 molecules and the active site of the enzyme that fixes it is still lower than any of the other steps in photosynthesis

19
Q

Equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O —–> C6H12O6 + 6O2

20
Q

Where is chlorophyll found in the plant cell?

A

Thylakoid membrane

21
Q

What is needed to create carbs from CO2?

A

Electrons

22
Q

What is the name for the chemical decomposition of water induced by light, where water is split into 2H+ ½O2 and electrons during the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis?

A

Photolysis

23
Q

What is used to extract photosynthetic pigments?

A

Organic solvent

24
Q

How is the rate of photosynthesis measured?

A

• measuring the production of oxygen
• measuring the uptake of carbon dioxide
• measuring the increase in biomass

25
Q

What are the 4 photosynthetic pigments?

A

• Chlorophyll a
• Chlorophyll b
• Carotene
• Xanthophyll

26
Q

Transverse section of leaf parts

A

• Waxy cuticle
• Upper epidermis
• Palisade mesophyll tissue
• Xylem
• Chloroplasts
• Phloem
• Vacuole
• Spongy mesophyll
• Lower epidermis
• Guard cells
• Stoma(ta)

27
Q

What is the function of the Xylem?

A

It’s a one way transpiration stream (carries water from plant roots) surrounded by lignin

28
Q

What is the function of the Phloem?

A

It’s a two way valve that carries glucose, etc, by way of translocation

29
Q

What is the function of the stomata and guard cells?

A

They close if levels of photosynthesis are too high/ if conditions are very dry
They manage CO2 levels

30
Q

What are the adaptations of palisade mesophyll?

A

• Lots of Chloroplasts
• Mitochondria
• Cytoplasm
• Vacuole
• Golgi body
• Rough + Smooth ER
• Ribosomes
• Vesicles
• Amyloplast

31
Q

What measures the wavelength absorption of different pigments?

A

A Spectrophotometer

32
Q

Is photosynthesis endothermic or exothermic?

A

Endothermic

33
Q

Is the synthesis of molecules (anabolism) endothermic or exothermic?

A

Endothermic

34
Q

What is the function of chlorophyll?

A

To absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy

35
Q

Range of temperature of photosynthesis?

A

5-45°C

36
Q

Range of light intensity of photosynthesis?

A

4-15

37
Q

What is light energy used for?

A

For the production of ATP and high energy electrons which are needed for the conversion of CO2 to glucose

38
Q

What concentration of NaHCO3 is needed for aquatic plants to ensure CO2 isn’t a limiting factor?

A

50

39
Q

When did the first organisms release oxygen from photosynthesis?

A

Bacteria - 3.5 billion years ago

40
Q

How were banded iron formations formed?

A

After an increase in oxygen levels in the atmosphere to 2%, the oxygen caused the dissolved iron in the oceans to precipitate as iron oxide. This sank to the ocean bed, forming deposits.

41
Q

Why did O2 levels begun rising above 2% and why?

A

750 million years ago - due to the evolution of algae and plants = more photosynthetic autotrophs

IB Biology SL (15 decks)

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