photosynthesis

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Process converting light energy to chemical energy.

Question 2

What are photo-autotrophs?

Answer 2

Organisms that use light to produce food.

Question 3

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 3

In chloroplasts.

Question 4

Where does the light dependant reaction of photosynthesis occur

Answer 4

Thylakoid membranes

Question 5

Where does the light independent reaction of photosynthesis occur

Answer 5

Stroma of chloroplasts

Question 6

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 6

6H2O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Question 7

What are light-dependent reactions?

Answer 7

Reactions that require light to produce ATP.

Question 8

What are light-independent reactions?

Answer 8

Reactions using ATP to synthesize glucose. Makes up the Calvin cycle

Question 9

What is ATP?

Answer 9

Energy transfer molecule produced in photosynthesis. Formed from the phosphorylation of ADP. When ATP is hydrolysed energy is released.

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the features of the structures within a chloroplast. (details and function related to photosynthesis)

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

What is reduced NADP/NADPH2?

Answer 13

An electron carrier produced in light-dependent reactions.

Question 14

Where do light-dependent reactions occur?

Answer 14

In the thylakoid membrane.

Question 15

What is photoionisation?

Answer 15

Chlorophyll absorbs light, light energy excites electron so two electrons leave the chlorophyll to the ETC. the chlorophyll is therefore ionised and oxidised.

Question 16

What is photolysis?

Answer 16

Splitting of water into 2 electrons, 2 protons and oxygen to replace electrons lost from chlorophyll during photoionisation.

Question 17

What are redox reactions?

Answer 17

Simultaneous oxidation and reduction of molecules.Occurs during the electron transport chain were the electrons release energy with each rdoex reaction.

Question 18

What is a proton gradient?

Answer 18

Difference in proton concentration across membranes created by proton pumps which pump protons across the thylakoid membrane (pumps - not active transport).

Question 19

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 19

Proton movement drives ATP synthesis.

Question 20

What is photophosphorylation?

Answer 20

ATP production using light energy.

Question 21

What is a granum?

Answer 21

Stack of thylakoids in chloroplasts.

Question 22

What is stroma?

Answer 22

Fluid surrounding thylakoids in chloroplasts.

Question 23

What are guard cells?

Answer 23

Cells regulating gas exchange in leaves.

Question 24

What is a waxy cuticle?

Answer 24

Protective layer preventing water loss.

Question 25

Where does most photosynthesis occur in a leaf?

Answer 25

In the palisade mesophyll.

Question 26

What is spongy mesophyll?

Answer 26

Leaf layer facilitating gas exchange.

Question 27

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 27

Pigment absorbing light for photosynthesis.

Question 28

What are stomata?

Answer 28

Pores for gas exchange in leaves.

Question 29

What is chromatography?

Answer 29

Technique to separate leaf pigments.

Question 30

What is ADP?

Answer 30

Precursor to ATP, used in energy transfer.

Question 31

What are protons?

Answer 31

Charged particles that activate ATP synthase.

Question 32

What is ATP synthase?

Answer 32

Enzyme that synthesizes ATP during chemiosmosis.

Question 33

What is photolysis of water?

Answer 33

Splitting water to produce protons, electrons, oxygen.

Question 34

What is the light dependent reaction?

Answer 34

First stage of photosynthesis producing ATP, NADPH, oxygen.

Question 35

What is DCPIP?

Answer 35

Electron acceptor used as a redox indicator.

Question 36

What is a colorimeter?

Answer 36

Device measuring light absorption in solutions.

Question 37

What is dehydrogenase activity?

Answer 37

Rate of enzyme activity monitored using DCPIP.

Question 38

What is ammonium hydroxide?

Answer 38

Weedkiller that inhibits NADP dehydrogenase.

Question 39

What is chloroplast isolation?

Answer 39

Process using cold, isotonic solution and centrifugation.

Question 40

What is the Calvin cycle?

Answer 40

Light Independent Reaction producing glucose and organic compounds.

Question 41

What is ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)?

Answer 41

5-carbon molecule that combines with CO2 in LIR.

Question 42

What is RUBISCO?

Answer 42

Enzyme catalyzing the fixation of CO2.

Question 43

What is glycerate 3-phosphate?

Answer 43

3-carbon compound formed in the Calvin Cycle.

Question 44

What is triose phosphate?

Answer 44

Intermediate in the Calvin Cycle used to form glucose.

Question 45

What is a limiting factor?

Answer 45

Factor that restricts the rate of a reaction.

Question 46

How does light intensity affect photosynthesis?

Answer 46

Low light reduces GP.

Question 47

How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?

Answer 47

Higher levels increase GP production in photosynthesis.

Question 48

What is GP (glycerate phosphate)?

Answer 48

Intermediate that increases with no light availability.

Question 49

How is the rate of photosynthesis measured?

Answer 49

By changes in GP, triose phosphate, RuBP.

Question 50

What is hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 50

Releases energy for the Calvin Cycle reactions.

Question 51

What is oxygen gas in photosynthesis?

Answer 51

By-product of Light Dependent Reaction, released into atmosphere.

Question 52

What are electrons in the context of photosynthesis?

Answer 52

Subatomic particles that replace lost chlorophyll electrons.

Question 53

What is absorbency measurement?

Answer 53

Quantitative assessment of DCPIP color change over time.