Photosynthesis

Question 1

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 1

Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 2

What are the components of ADP?

Answer 2

The nitrogenous base adenine, the sugar ribose, and 2 phosphate groups

Question 3

What is ATP?

Answer 3

An energy carrier that breaks down into ADP and phosphate, releasing energy

Question 4

What is NAD?

Answer 4

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Question 5

What happens when NAD+ joins with 2 energised electrons and a proton?

Answer 5

It forms NADH, a high energy proton and electron carrier

Question 6

What is the role of NAD+ in respiration?

Answer 6

It has very little energy and is used in respiration

Question 7

What does NADP+ do in photosynthesis?

Answer 7

It has very little energy and is used in the process of photosynthesis

Question 8

What is NADPH?

Answer 8

A high energy molecule that serves as an electron and proton carrier

Question 9

What does the ‘P’ in NADPH stand for?

Answer 9

Phosphate group

Question 10

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 10

The process by which plants make their own food

Question 11

What do plants remove from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide

Question 12

What do plants release into the atmosphere during photosynthesis?

Answer 12

Oxygen

Question 13

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 13

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 14

Where does the light stage of photosynthesis take place?

Answer 14

In the grana of the chloroplast

Question 15

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 15

A pigment found in clusters that absorbs different colours of light

Question 16

What happens to an electron in chlorophyll when it absorbs light energy?

Answer 16

The electron gains energy and is excited

Question 17

What is the function of the electron acceptor in the light stage?

Answer 17

To receive the high energy electron from chlorophyll

Question 18

What is the first pathway for high energy electrons?

Answer 18

Cyclic pathway where the electron is passed back to chlorophyll

Question 19

What is cyclic phosphorylation?

Answer 19

The process where energy from a high energy electron is used to convert ADP to ATP

Question 21

What is the pathway for high energy electrons in the photosynthesis process?

Answer 21

High energy electrons are passed from an electron acceptor to a series of electron acceptors without returning to chlorophyll.

Question 22

What happens to electrons as they pass through the electron acceptors?

Answer 22

They lose energy.

Question 23

What is the process called when energy from electrons is used to convert ADP to ATP?

Answer 23

Non-cyclic phosphorylation.

Question 24

What do the low energy electrons join with to form NADP-?

Answer 24

NADP+.

Question 25

What is the source of water for the photosynthesis process?

Answer 25

Water enters the plant via the roots.

Question 26

What process splits water into electrons, protons, and oxygen?

Answer 26

Photolysis.

Question 27

In the light-independent stage, where does the process take place?

Answer 27

In the stroma of the chloroplast.

Question 28

What factors influence the dark stage of photosynthesis?

Answer 28

Temperature and pH.

Question 29

What enters the chloroplast from the air during the dark stage?

Answer 29

Carbon dioxide.

Question 30

What does ATP break down into during the dark stage?

Answer 30

ADP, phosphate, and energy.

Question 31

What does NADPH break down into during the dark stage?

Answer 31

NADP+, protons, and electrons.

Question 32

What is the final product when carbon dioxide is reduced in the dark stage?

Answer 32

Glucose.

Question 33

What do ADP and NADP+ do after the dark stage?

Answer 33

Return to the light stage.

Question 34

How can humans increase the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 34

By using artificial light sources and increasing carbon dioxide concentration.

Question 35

What is the optimum temperature range for increasing the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 35

Approximately 20-30 degrees Celsius.

Question 36

What is the first step in the experiment to investigate light intensity on photosynthesis?

Answer 36

Cut a small section of elodea (pondweed).

Question 37

What should be added to the test tube with elodea to ensure a constant source of carbon?

Answer 37

Excess sodium bicarbonate.

Question 38

How long should the lamp shine on the elodea to allow it to adjust?

Answer 38

5 minutes.

Question 39

What is measured to evaluate the rate of photosynthesis in the experiment?

Answer 39

The number of bubbles coming from the cut end of the elodea per minute.

Question 40

How is light intensity calculated in the experiment?

Answer 40

Light intensity = 1 divided by distance squared.

Question 41

What is the final step in the experiment after collecting data?

Answer 41

Plot a graph of the rate of photosynthesis vs light intensity.