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A2 Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the site of photosynthesis?

A

Leaf

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2
Q

What is the basic word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water + light -> glucose + oxygen

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3
Q

What are the 3 main stages of photosynthesis?

A

Capturing of light energy, light dependent reaction and light independent reaction/Calvin cycle

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4
Q

Which plan organelle and pigments is responsible for absorbing the light energy?

A

Chloroplasts, chlorophyll A and B

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5
Q

What type of phosphorylation is involved in photosynthesis?

A

Photophosphorylation

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6
Q

What is meant by photophosphorylation?

A

The addition of a phosphate molecule using light energy

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7
Q

What is the main difference between oxidation and reduction?

A

Oxidation involves the loss of electron/hydrogen or gain of oxygen whereas reductions involves the gain of electrons/hydrogen or loss of oxygen

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8
Q

Do oxidation and reduction take place together?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What is meant by photolysis?

A

The splitting of a molecule using light energy

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10
Q

How is ATP made in the light dependent reaction?

A

Photophosphorylation

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11
Q

What two types of photophosphorylation occur in the LDR?

A

Cyclic and non-cyclic

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12
Q

What are the products of non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

ATP, reduced NADP (NADPH) and oxygen

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13
Q

What product is produced in cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

ATP only

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14
Q

Which photosystem is involved in non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

PS II

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15
Q

Which photosystem is involved in cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

PS 1

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16
Q

What happens during non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

PS II and electron carriers form an ETC:

  1. Light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll, which is absorbed by PS II
  2. Photolysis of water produces protons, electrons and oxygen
  3. Energy from the excited electrons makes ATP, as the excited electrons move along the chain they lose energy which is used to transport protons into the thylakoid, creating a proton gradient across the membrane
  4. Protons move down their concentration gradient into the stroma via ATP synthase
  5. NADPH is generated from the light energy absorbed by PS I, which excites the electrons to a much higher energy level
  6. Finally the electrons are transferred to NADP with a proton from the stroma to form NADPH
17
Q

What happens during cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

Electrons from chlorophyll aren’t passed onto NADP and passed back to PS I via electron carriers. Electrons are recycled and repeatedly flow through PS 1. This is basically the last stages of the LDR continuing to occur, expect no oxygen or reduced NADP is made.

18
Q

Where does the light dependent reaction take place?

A

Thylakoid membranes

19
Q

Where does the light independent reaction take place?

A

Stroma of chloroplasts

20
Q

What is the starting compound of the Calvin cycle?

A

Ribulose bisphospahte (RuBP)

21
Q

What happens when the first molecule of carbon dioxide combines with RuBP?

A

An unstable 6-carbon compound is made which quickly breaks down into two molecules of 3-carbon compound GP

22
Q

What catalyses the reaction between carbon dioxide and RuBP?

A

Rubisco

23
Q

How is GP changed into TP during the Calvin cycle?

A

ATP from the light dependent reactions provides the energy for this to happen, as well as hydrogen ions provided by the NADPH. NADPH is recycled to NADP

24
Q

What is TP converted to?

A

Useful organic compounds e.g. glucose

25
Q

How and why is TP converted back into RuBP?

A

To allow the cycle to continue and because 5/6 molecules of TP are used for the regeneration of RuBP, in which the rest of the ATP produced from the light dependent reaction is used up.,

26
Q

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A

Light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration

27
Q

What affect does light intensity have on photosynthesis?

A

When light is the limiting factor, rate of photosynthesis is directly proportional to the light intensity. The plant continues to absorb oxygen and carbon dioxide till the point where the amount of oxygen absorbed is balanced to carbon dioxide produced from cellular respiration. At this point there is no net exchange of gases, this is known as the light compensation point meaning further increasing the light has no effect, and something else is the limiting factor.

28
Q

How can photosynthesis be measured?

A
  • Volume of oxygen released

* Volume of CO2 taken up

A2 Biology (12 decks)

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