Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Question 1

It is the process where plants transform light energy into chemical energy, and it includes the conversion of inorganic matter through the energy provided by sunlight,

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

It is the actual site of photosynthesis which is a double membrane-bound organelle and has outer and inner membranes.

Answer 2

Chloroplast

Question 3

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

Answer 3

(1) Light-dependent reactions
(2) The Calvin Cycle

Question 4

It is where the light-dependent reactions occur.

Answer 4

Thylakoids

Question 5

It is where the Calvin Cycle occurs.

Answer 5

Stroma

Question 6

These are stacks of circular-shaped membranes filled with chlorophyll and enzymes where the light reaction takes place.

Answer 6

Thylakoids

Question 7

It is the stack of thylakoids.

Answer 7

Granum

Question 8

What is the plural of Granum?

Answer 8

Grana

Question 9

It is the fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast, where it is the enzymes needed in the Calvin Cycle.

Answer 9

Stroma

Question 10

It is the pigment that gives plants their green color and helps in the process of photosynthesis.

Answer 10

Chlorophyll

Question 11

What is the most absorbed color in plants?

Answer 11

Blue

Question 12

What is the balanced chemical equation of photosynthesis?

Answer 12

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
(Carbon Dioxide) + (Water) —> (Glucose / Energy) + (Oxygen)
(—> = Sunlight)

Question 13

It is a chemical cofactor that the cells use to carry out various redox reactions.

Answer 13

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)

Question 14

What are the two products of light-dependent reactions?

Answer 14

(1) ATP
(2) NADPH

Question 15

What do the light-dependent reactions need to produce ATP and NADPH?

Answer 15

Sunlight and water

Question 16

What are the two reactants in photosynthesis?

Answer 16

(1) 6CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
(2) 6H20 = Water

Question 17

What are the two products of photosynthesis?

Answer 17

(1) C6H12O6 = Glucose
(2) 6O2 = Oxygen

Question 18

It uses the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the ATP and NADPH from light reactions to make sugars.

Answer 18

The Calvin Cycle

Question 19

ATP stands for?

Answer 19

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 20

NADPH stands for?

Answer 20

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

Question 21

RuBisCO stands for?

Answer 21

Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Oxygenase

Question 22

NAD stands for?

Answer 22

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Question 23

NADH stands for?

Answer 23

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide + Hydrogen

Question 24

FADH2 stands for?

Answer 24

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

Question 25

ADP stands for?

Answer 25

Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 26

It is the electron transport in photosynthesis.

Answer 26

Z-scheme

Question 27

It is an important complex present and are light-harvesting complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane.

Answer 27

Photosystem

Question 28

What are the three pigments in the photosystem?

Answer 28

(1) Chlorophyll a (2) Chlorophyll b (3) Carotenoid

Question 29

It is a spot where electrons will then bounce in photosystem II.

Answer 29

Reaction center

Question 30

It is a process where water splits, thereby creating electrons, oxygen, and hydrogen ions.

Answer 30

Photolysis

Question 31

It is an alternative route for the excited electrons.

Answer 31

Cyclic Pathway

Question 32

It is a process when the ATP that is released as electrons pass through the ETC

Answer 32

Photophosphorylation

Question 33

It is a situation when the driving force that enables the process to occur, is the movement of ions through a membrane down their electrochemical gradient.

Answer 33

Chemiosmosis

Question 34

What are the three phases of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 34

(1) Carbon fixation (2) Reduction (3) Regeneration of Ribulose Bisphosphate (RuBP)

Question 35

It is a four-carbon molecule that is formed once the PEP combines with carbon dioxide.

Answer 35

Oxaloacetate

Question 36

What are the four stages of photosynthesis in harnessing sunlight (light-dependent reactions)?

Answer 36

(1) Light Capture (2) ATP Generation (3) NADPH Production (4) Oxygen Release

Question 37

It is the pigments like chlorophyll that absorb light.

Answer 37

Light Capture

Question 38

It is the released electrons that create a flow that drives ATP synthesis.

Answer 38

ATP Generation

Question 39

It is another stream of electrons that generate NADPH.

Answer 39

NADPH Production

Question 40

It is a water molecule that splits and releases oxygen.

Answer 40

Oxygen Release

Question 41

What are the four stages of photosynthesis in transforming energy (Calvin cycle)

Answer 41

(1) CO2 Capture (2) Sugar Formation (3) RuBisCO Regeneration (4) Readying for new cycles

Question 42

It is the enzyme when RuBisCO fixes carbon dioxide into organic compounds in the Calvin Cycle.

Answer 42

CO2 Capture

Question 43

It is the result of molecules that convert into sugars, utilizing ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent phase.

Answer 43

Sugar Formation

Question 44

It is the molecules enabling CO2 capture to regenerate.

Answer 44

RuBisCO Regeneration

Question 45

It is a cycle that persists, creating sugars and regenerating molecules for CO2 fixation.

Answer 45

Readying for new cycles

Question 46

What are the four photosynthetic organisms?

Answer 46

(1) Microalgae (2) Plants (3) Macroalgae (4) Bacteria

Question 47

What are the three importance of photosynthesis?

Answer 47

(1) Vital energy source (2) Oxygen production (3) Climate regulation

Question 48

It is a metabolic pathway that uses glucose to produce ATP.

Answer 48

Cellular Respiration

Question 49

It is an organic compound the body can use for energy.

Answer 49

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 50

It is where the cellular respiration takes place.

Answer 50

Mitochondria

Question 51

It is a double membrane organelle and the powerhouse of the cell.

Answer 51

Mitochondria

Question 52

It is the inner membrane when the characteristic wrinkled internal appearance due to the folds.

Answer 52

Cristae

Question 53

It is the spaces between the inner membrane and is filled with a gel-like material.

Answer 53

Matrix

Question 54

What is the chemical balanced equation of cellular respiration?

Answer 54

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 55

What are the three stages of Cellular Respiration?

Answer 55

(1) Glycolysis (2) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) (3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 56

It is the first stage of cellular respiration which takes place in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen (anaerobic).

Answer 56

Glycolysis

Question 57

It occurs in the mitochondria, and it is aerobic, requiring oxygen.

Answer 57

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Question 58

It takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer 58

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 59

What is the goal of cellular respiration?

Answer 59

The goal of cellular respiration is to generate ATP needed by the cells to carry out various functions necessary for life.

Question 60

What are the two ways to make ATP?

Answer 60

(1) Substrate Level Phosphorylation (2) Electron Transport Phosphorylation

Question 61

It is when a substrate donates a phosphate to ADP to become ATP.

Answer 61

Substrate Level Phosphorylation

Question 62

It is when the electron is transferred from one energy level to another.

Answer 62

Electron Transport Phosphorylation

Question 63

It is the term used when oxygen is required.

Answer 63

Aerobic Respiration

Question 64

It is the term used when oxygen is not required.

Answer 64

Anaerobic Respiration

Question 65

It is the breaking down of sugar molecules into simpler compounds to produce substances that can be used in making chemical energy.

Answer 65

Fermentation