photosynthesis and respiration

Question 1

(producers) living things that make their own food by building organic molecules from inorganic substances

Answer 1

Autotrophs

Question 2

Examples of Autotrophs

Answer 2

Plants, Algae, Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

Question 3

(consumers) living things that take in food from other sources

Answer 3

Heterotrophs

Question 4

Examples of Heterotrophs

Answer 4

Animals, Fungi

Question 5

process that converts the radiant energy of sunlight into chemical energy (glucose)

Answer 5

photosynthesis

Question 6

process that releases chemical energy for uses by the cell

Answer 6

respiration

Question 7

adenosine triphosphate
- compound that stores energy in cells
- consists of adenine, ribose (5 carbon sugar) and 3 phosphate groups

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule

Answer 8

phosphorylation

Question 9

green pigment that captures light energy

Answer 9

chlorophyll

Question 10

Photosynthesis takes place in the _______.

Answer 10

chloroplast

Question 11

main products of photosynthesis

Answer 11

carbohydrates

Question 12

released from splitting a molecule of water in the beginning of the photosynthesis process

Answer 12

oxygen

Question 13

CO2 is obtained from the ______ and enters through ______.

Answer 13

air; stomata

Question 14

openings on the underside of the leaf

Answer 14

stomata (mouths)

Question 15

Two guard cells control the opening and closing of the ________ based on ________ ________ in them.

Answer 15

stomata; osmotic pressure

Question 16

Water is taken from the ground by the roots (osmosis) and moves to the leaves by ________ ________.

Answer 16

capillary action

Question 17

creates the necessary difference in pressure for capillary action to work

Answer 17

transpiration

Question 18

plant vascular tissue that transports water (H2O) & dissolved minerals/nutrients UPWARD from roots to leaves. Moves in ONE direction only.

Answer 18

Xylem

Question 19

plant vascular tissue that carries food (proteins, sugars, etc) & water DOWNWARD from leaves to roots. Moves in TWO-WAY direction.

Answer 19

Phloem

Question 20

Reactions of Photosynthesis

Answer 20

Light Reactions & Dark Reactions

Question 21

Light (dependent) reactions depend directly on ________.

Answer 21

light

Question 22

Calvin cycle (aka light-independent)

Answer 22

Dark Reactions

Question 23

Dark reactions use ________ from the atmosphere to combine with Hydrogen from light reactions.

Answer 23

CO2

Question 24

Dark reactions produce ________.

Answer 24

glucose (C6H12O6)

Question 25

Dark reactions happen in?

Answer 25

the stroma of the chloroplast

Question 26

Photosynthesis is a Biochemical Pathway.

Answer 26

Photosynthesis is a Biochemical Pathway.

Question 27

Autotrophs produce organic compounds and oxygen through ________ and both autotrophs and heterotrophs produce ________ and ________ through ________ ________.

Answer 27

photosynthesis; CO2; H2O; cellular respiration

Question 28

chloroplast

Answer 28

organelle

Question 29

disk-shaped interconnected sacs (light reactions)

Answer 29

thylakoids

Question 30

piled stacks of thylakoids

Answer 30

grana

Question 31

fluid that fills the inside of the chloroplast (dark reactions)

Answer 31

stroma

Question 32

Light is a form of ________ energy.

Answer 32

electromagnetic

Question 33

Sunlight is a collection of ________ with ________ from 400 to 750nm.

Answer 33

waves; wavelengths

Question 34

When meeting a material, light waves can be:

Answer 34

1) Be absorbed 2) Be relfected 3) Be transmitted

Question 35

pigments found in thylakoids

Answer 35

chlorophylls

Question 36

accessory pigment (yellow, orange, brown)

Answer 36

carotenoids

Question 37

breakdown of glucose to produce energy (ATP)

Answer 37

Cellular Respiration

Question 38

Where does ATP come from?

Answer 38

Cellular Respiration

Question 39

Two types of Respiration

Answer 39

Aerobic & Anaerobic

Question 40

Respiration that REQUIRES oxygen

Answer 40

aerobic

Question 41

Respiration that does NOT require oxygen

Answer 41

anaerobic

Question 42

first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration - breakdown of glucose - doesn't require oxygen - occurs in the cytoplasm

Answer 42

Glycolysis

Question 43

OXYGEN combines with hydrogen forming water (reverse of what happens in photosynthesis) - takes place in the mitochondria

Answer 43

aerobic respiration

Question 44

pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid - occurs in bacteria and animal cells when oxygen is low - makes muscles feel sore and tired

Answer 44

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Question 45

pyruvic acid is converted to ethyl alcohol and CO2 - occurs in yeast - Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled fungi

Answer 45

Alcoholic Fermentation

Question 46

Two types of Fermentation

Answer 46

Lactic Acid & Alcoholic