photosynthesis notes ni teeya

Question 1

❛ organisms that make their food ❜
-producers
-Types: plants, algae, and some bacteria

Answer 1

autotrophs

Question 2

use the energy in sunlight to make food in a process called

Answer 2

photosynthesis

Question 3

-are living things that cannot make their food
-consumers

Answer 3

heterotrophs

Question 4

-A compound that absorbs light
-Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of white light

Answer 4

pigment

Question 5

○ is a pigment that absorbs red and blue light (photons) so green is reflected or transmitted.

○ located in thylakoid membranes

Answer 5

chlorophyll

Question 6

Two types of Chlorophyll

Answer 6

-chlorophyll a
-chlorophyll b

Question 7

○ involved in light reactions

Answer 7

chlorophyll a

Question 8

○ assists in capturing light energy
○ accessory pigments

Answer 8

chlorophyll b

Question 9

● captures more light energy

● red, orange, & yellow

Answer 9

carotenoids

Question 10

Plants are green because

Answer 10

the green wavelength is reflected and not absorbed

Question 11

is the process by which autotrophic organisms use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water

Answer 11

photosynthesis

Question 12

○ product of photosynthesis
○ used for the synthesis of glucose

Answer 12

Triose phosphate (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)

Question 13

formula of photosynthesis

Answer 13

6CO2 + 6H2O + light —— C6H12O6 + 6O2

carbon dioxide + water + light ——- carbohydrate (sugar) + oxygen

Question 14

Importance of Photosynthesis

Answer 14

● Makes organic molecules out of inorganic materials.

● It begins all food chains and webs.

● It also makes oxygen gas.

● Responsible for the growth of pants.

● Nourishes almost the entire living world directly or indirectly

Question 15

Plants use the energy from sunlight to make:

Answer 15

-ATP
-Sugars

Question 16

releases energy when it releases one phosphate

Answer 16

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Question 17

Phosphorylation:

Dephosphorylation:

Answer 17

ADP ——- ATP

ATP ——-ADP

Question 18

○ Glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch & more

Answer 18

sugars

Question 19

What does plants need to grow?

Answer 19

● The “factory” for making energy and sugars
○ chloroplast

● Fuels
○ sunlight, carbon dioxide, water

● The Helpers
○ enzymes

Question 20

Site of Photosynthesis

Answer 20

Chloroplast in the Mesophyll of leaves

Question 21

Light-Dependent reactions

Answer 21

● Thylakoid membrane

Question 22

Calvin Cycle reactions

Answer 22

● Stroma

Question 23

Two Stages of Photosynthesis:

Answer 23

Light-Dependent reactions (Energy building)
Calvin Cycle reactions (Sugar building)

Question 24

● Convert light energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH

● Split H2 O and release O 2 to the atmosphere

Answer 24

Light-Dependent reactions

Question 25

products of Light-Dependent reactions

Answer 25

ATP, NADPH, O 2(byproduct)

Question 26

● Use ATP and NADPH to convert C0 2 to the sugar G3P ● Return ADP, inorganic phosphate, and NADP + to hte light reactions

Answer 26

Calvin Cycle reactions

Question 27

products of Calvin Cycle reactions

Answer 27

NADP+, ADP, Triose Phosphate

Question 28

Photosynthesis is a redox process in which:

Answer 28

H2 O is oxidized and CO 2 is reduced

Question 29

types of photosystems (2)

Answer 29

● Photosystem II - best absorbs red-light (680 nm) ● Photosystem I - best absorbs far-red light (700 nm)

Question 30

reaction center of photosystems

Answer 30

PS II= P680 PS I= P700

Question 31

primary electron acceptor of photosystems

Answer 31

PS II= pheophytine PS I= Ao

Question 32

Mobile Electron Carriers

Answer 32

● Pq - Plastoquinone ● Pc - Plastocyanine ● Fd - Ferredocxin

Question 33

● Pumps hydrogen ions from strome to lumen

Answer 33

Cytochrome Complex

Question 34

● is highly exergonic and produces ATP

Answer 34

ATP Synthase

Question 35

● uses the electrons to reduce NADP + to NADPH

Answer 35

NADP + reductase

Question 36

● is a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions

Answer 36

Electron Transport Chain

Question 37

The ATP and NADPH formed in the light-dependent reaction are used to fuel the

Answer 37

calvin cycle

Question 38

Steps involved in Calvin Cycle

Answer 38

1. Carbon Fixation 2. G3P Production 3. Regeneration of RuBP

Question 39

● enzyme which fixes carbon from air ● most abundant and important enzyme in the world

Answer 39

RuBisCo - Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase

Question 40

phosphoglycerate

Answer 40

PGA

Question 41

G3P / TP

Answer 41

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate / Triose Phosphate

Question 42

starting molecule of Glucose

Answer 42

Glucose Phosphate

Question 43

● The (3) CO 2 is attached to (3) RuBP with the help RuBisCo which catalyzes the reaction. ● The resulting (3) 6C compound is unstable and breaks down into (6) PGA (3C)

Answer 43

Carbon fixation

Question 44

(6) GPA is converted into (6) G3P/TP using (6) NADPH and (6) ATP ○ Reduction by NADPH transfers hydrogen atoms to the compound and producing NADP. ○ While the hydrolysis of ATP provides energy and ADP

Answer 44

G3P production

Question 45

● (1) G3P/TP leaves the cycle and will be used to form glucose ○ It takes(2) G3P to make (1) glucose phosphate. ● (5) G3P/TP will be recycled to regenerate the RuBP acceptor. ○ Regeneration involves a complex series of reactions and requires ATP

Answer 45

Regeneration of RuBP

Question 46

The Calvin cycle has to run __________ to produce one molecule of glucose molecules

Answer 46

2 times