photosynthesis + respiration

Question 1

what is NADP used for in light dependent reaction?

Answer 1

creates electrochemical gradient
reduced by H+
used in Calvin cycle to produce glucose

Question 2

what is needed to reduce 2 GP to 2 TP in the Calvin cycle?

Answer 2

2 ATP —> 2 ADP
2 reduced NADP —> 2 NADP

Question 3

what is needed to go from 2 TP to RuBP in Calvin cycle?

Answer 3

ATP –> ADP

Question 4

what is needed to turn glucose into fructose biphosphate in glycolysis?

Answer 4

2 ATP —> 2 ADP

Question 5

what is produced when 2 TP is turned into 2 pyruvate?

Answer 5

4 ADP —> 4 ATP
2 NAD —> 2 reduced NAD

Question 6

what happens in fermentation in animals?

Answer 6

pyruvate reduced to lactic acid by reduced NAD
reduced NAD becomes oxidised and is regenerated so can be used again in glycolysis to make 2 ATP
(happens twice as 2 x pyruvate)

Question 7

what happens in fermentation in yeast?

Answer 7

CO2 removed from pyruvate to make ethanal
ethanol reduced to ethanol by reduced NAD
reduced NAD becomes oxidised
(happens twice as 2 x pyruvate)

Question 8

what is produced when turning the 6C compound into a 5C compound in the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 8

NAD —> reduced NAD
(happens twice as 2 x pyruvate)

Question 9

what is produced when turning the 5C compound into a 4C compound in the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 9

1st
ADP —> ATP
NAD —> reduced NAD
2nd
FAD —> reduced FAD
3rd
NAD —> reduced NAD
(happens twice as 2 x pyruvate)

Question 10

what is needed to turn the 4C compound into a 6C compound in the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 10

acetyl coenzyme —> coenzyme A

Question 11

what is produced when pyruvate turns into acetate in link reaction?

Answer 11

CO2
NAD —> reduced NAD
(happens twice as 2 x pyruvate)

Question 12

how many times does the Calvin cycle have to turn to produce one molecule of glucose?

Answer 12

6 times
one CO2 molecule is fixed each time

Question 13

what is added to acetate to produce acetyl coenzyme A?

Answer 13

coenzyme A