PHRM 825: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are (long/short)?

Answer 1

Long

Question 2

Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse in relation to organs?

Answer 2

Near or on the organs

Question 3

What to parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the postganglionic neurons?

Answer 3

ACH; nicotinic receptors

Question 4

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are (long/short)?

Answer 4

Short

Question 5

Where do parasympathetic postganglionic neurons synpase in relation to organs?

Answer 5

Synapse on the target organ

Question 6

What do parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the target organ?

Answer 6

ACH; muscarinic receptors

Question 7

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are (long/short)?

Answer 7

Short

Question 8

Where do sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse?

Answer 8

On postganglionic neurons near the spinal cord

Question 9

What do sympathetic preganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the postganglionic neurons?

Answer 9

ACH; nicotinic receptors

Question 10

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons are (long/short)?

Answer 10

Long

Question 11

Where do sympathetic postganglionic neurons synapse?

Answer 11

On the target organ

Question 12

What do sympathetic postganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the target organs?

Answer 12

NE; Adrenergic receptors

Question 13

In sweat glands, sympathetic postganglionic neurons involved with stress-related excretion release ___

Answer 13

NE

Question 14

In sweat glands, sympathetic postganglionic neurons involved with thermoregulation release ___

Answer 14

ACH

Question 15

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons to the smooth muscle of the renal vascular bed release ____

Answer 15

Dopamine

Question 16

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons do not synapse in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglion and synapse directly on what organ?

Answer 16

Adrenal gland

Question 17

What do sympathetic preganglionic neurons release onto the adrenal gland and what receptors do they activate?

Answer 17

ACH; nicotinic receptors

Question 18

What do adrenal glands release into the systemic circulation?

Answer 18

Epinephrine

Question 19

Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons release what neurotransmitter?

Answer 19

Norepinephrine

Question 20

Drugs that mimic neurotransmitters are referred to at ____ and ___ receptors

Answer 20

Receptor agonists; activate

Question 21

Drugs that block neurotransmitters are referred to as ___ and ____ from activating receptors

Answer 21

Receptor antagonists; block the endogenous neurotransmitters

Question 22

What are 3 other terms for drugs that mimic acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 22

Cholinergic = muscarinic agonists = parasympathomimetic

Question 23

What are 3 other terms for drugs that block acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 23

Anticholinergic = muscarinic antagonists = parasympatholytic

Question 24

What are 3 other terms for drugs that mimic norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 24

Adrenergic = adrenergic agonist = sympathomimetic

Question 25

What are 3 other terms for drugs that block norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 25

Antiadrenergic = adrenergic antagonist = sympatholytic

Question 26

Where is the M3 muscarinic receptor found?

Answer 26

Smooth muscle and glands

Question 27

Where is the M2 muscarinic receptor found?

Answer 27

In the heart

Question 28

What G protein is associated with M1, M3 and M5?

Answer 28

Gq

Question 29

What G protein is associated with M2 and M4

Answer 29

Gi

Question 30

What are muscarinic receptors?

Answer 30

7 transmembrane domain, G-protein coupled receptors

Question 31

Where are alpha 1 adrenergic receptors found?

Answer 31

Vascular smooth muscles, glands, and other smooth muscle

Question 32

What does activation of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause?

Answer 32

Vasoconstrition

Question 33

Where are alpha 2 adrenergic receptors found?

Answer 33

Cardiovascular control center of the brain

Question 34

What does activation of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors cause?

Answer 34

Activation turns OFF the sympathetic nervous system

Question 35

Where are Beta 1 adrenergic receptors found?

Answer 35

Heart

Question 36

Where are Beta 2 adrenergic receptors found?

Answer 36

Smooth muscle

Question 37

What does activation of beta 2 adrenergic receptors cause?

Answer 37

Relaxation of smooth muscle (e.g. bronchioles in lungs)

Question 38

What G-protein are alpha 2 adrenergic receptors coupled with?

Answer 38

Gi

Question 39

What does the Gi protein do?

Answer 39

Inhibits adenylyl cyclase

Question 40

What G-protein are Beta 2 adrenergic receptors coupled with?

Answer 40

Gs

Question 41

What does the Gs protein do?

Answer 41

Stimulates adenylyl cyclase

Question 42

The circular muscles of the eye contain what receptors?

Answer 42

M3

Question 43

Contraction of the circular muscle of the eye leads to what?

Answer 43

Miosis

Question 44

What is miosis?

Answer 44

Pupillary constriction

Question 45

The radial muscles of the eye contain what receptors?

Answer 45

alpha 1

Question 46

Contraction of the radial muscle of the eye leads to what?

Answer 46

Mydriasis

Question 47

What is mydriasis?

Answer 47

Pupil dilation