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PHRM30003 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bile acid resins

A

Bind bile acid and prevent reabsorption & recycling in the GIT therefore liver needs more chol to make more bile acid.

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2
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Binds to a specific chol transporter in GIT and inhibits dietary chol absorption to decrease LDL (used as adjunct bc dietary chol doesn’t contribute much)

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3
Q

PCSK-9 inhibitor (mAB)

A

binds PCSK-9 to stop it from binding LDL receptor and thus prevent the receptor from being degraded. So LDL receptor gets recycled after LDL-binding instead of degraded and LDL receptor # is increased. Less LDL in circ.

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4
Q

PPAR alpha agonist (fibrate)

A

bind PPAR alpha receptor in cytosol -> nucleus to change gene exp and increase lipoprotein lipase to increase TG-> fatty acid.

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5
Q

Phentermine

A

indirectly acting symphathomimetic for obesity (ca non-dependent exocytosis to increase NA avail to bind receptors)

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6
Q

Orlistat

A

Works in the GIT to inhibit lipase and decrease absorption of TG (excreted instead) for obesity or hypertriglycidaemia

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7
Q

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist

A

Agonist that binds GLP-1 receptors in hypothalamus (decrease appetite) and reduces gastric emptying for obesity (lose weight)

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8
Q

Contrave

A

Naltrexone/Bupropion (for obesity)

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9
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

old drug for T2D (bind and block ATP-sensitive K+ channels non-selectively to increase insulin secretion

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10
Q

Meglitinides

A

for T2D, binds and blocks ATP-sensitive K+ channels on beta cells SELECTIVELY (increases insulin secretion)

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11
Q

Biguanides

A

for T2D (and hyperlipidaemia) = increase insulin-mediated glucose uptake into cells, decrease gluconeogenesis, carb absorption and LDL+TG

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12
Q

DPP-4 inhibitor

A

oral admin to increase endog GLP-1 levels and increase insulin levels for T2D as an adjunct with diet and exercise

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13
Q

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor

A

decreases glucose absorption (needs alpha glucosidase to break down carb) in the GIT to reduce postprandial glucose peak so we need less insulin (for T2D)

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14
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitor

A

Inhibit glucose reabsorption and increase glucose excretion

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15
Q

Xigris

A

Recombinant activated protein C

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16
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID - inhibits COX 1+2 irreversibly

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17
Q

Paracetamol

A

Blocks the perioxidase activity of COX to decrease prostaglandins

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18
Q

Yohimbine

A

selective alpha-2 antag with low affinity for 5HT + alpha-1 receptors

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19
Q

Isoprenaline

A

B1 and B2 agonist to treat asthma (dilate airways)

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20
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors

A

prevent breakdown of ACh so ACh stays in NMJ for longer with higher amounts (treat Myasthenia Gravis)

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21
Q

Terfenadine

A

Prodrug with 0 b.a

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22
Q

Naproxen

A

NSAID

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23
Q

Celecoxib

A

NSAID COX-2 selective inhibitor

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24
Q

Rofecoxib

A

NSAID COX-2 selective inhibitor

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25
Prednisone
- synthetic prodrug GC (anti inflam)
26
Dexamethasone
GC - delay in efficacy bc change gene expression
27
Chlorpheniramine
anti-histamine (H1 receptor antag)
28
Cetirizine
anti-histamine (H1 receptor antag)
29
Omalizumab
humanised anti-IgE mAB to treat asthma
30
Disodium Cromoglycate (DSCG)
mast cell stabiliser (unknown MOA)
31
Selective Syk kinase inhibitor
inhibits Syk to reduce mast cell activation (IgE-dependent pathway is blocked)
32
Cyclosporin
calcineurin inhibitor
33
Tacrolimus
calcineurin inhibitor
34
Sirolimus
calcineurin inhibitior'
35
Methyl-prednisolone
GC used for immunosup
36
Azathioprine
anti-metabolite (cytotoxic) for anti-cancer (non-selective)
37
Mycophenolate Mofetil
anti-metabolite (cytotoxic)
38
Muromonab
mouse mAB
39
Basiliximab
chimeric mAB
40
Infliximab
mAB
41
Adalimumab
fully humanised mAB
42
Belatacept
Fusion of antibody Fc and CTLA4
43
Abatacept
Fusion of antibody Fc and CTLA4
44
CpG nucleic acid motifs + Lipids
Adjuvants to stim TLR
45
Alum
adjuvant
46
Compound 48/80
Mast cell activator (release danger signal)
47
Mast cell TNFa particles
when mast cells are activated, they release small TNFa granule particles which act at lymph nodes to increase immune response
48
IFN alpha
recombinant cytokine to treat melanoma and AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma
49
G-CSF
recombinant cytokine to increase neutrophil #
50
Rituximab
treat B cell lymphoma or autoimmunity
51
Ipilimumab
mAB binds CTLA4 on T cell to faciliate CD28+B7 T cell costim and increase T cell prolif
52
Pembrolizumab/Nivolumab
binds PD-1 (T cell) or PD-1 ligand (cancer cell) to prevent neg costim and increase immune response against cancer cell
53
CAR T cell (chimeric antigen receptor T cells)
isolate patient T cells + transfect them with synthetic receptor to recognise tumour cell markers
54
Penicillin G
beta-lactam
55
Penicllin V
beta-lactam
56
Ampicillin (amino penicillin)
beta-lactam (penicillin class)
57
Piperacillin
beta-lactam (penicillin class)
58
Cefepime
cephalosporin (beta-lactam)
59
Meropenem
carbapenem (beta-lactam)
60
Aztreonam
monobactam (beta lactam)
61
Amphotericin B
fungicidal
62
Fluconazole
fungistatic
63
Acyclovir
anti-viral (HSV1+2)
64
Ganciclovir
antiviral for HCMV
65
Oseltamivir (TAMIFLU)
Neuraminidase inhibitor (anti-viral for influenza and chemoprophylaxis)
66
Zanamivir (Relenza)
Neuraminidase inhibitor (anti-viral)
67
Zidovudine (AZT)
NRTI for HIV (prodrug - thymidine analogue)
68
Nevirapine
NNRTI
69
Ritonavir
protease inhibitor for HIV
70
Enfuvirtide
entry/fusion inhibitor for HIV
71
Salirasib
anti-cancer specific for RAS mutation
72
MRTX849
anti cancer specific to G12C RAS mutant
73
AZD4785
anti cancer specific for RAS mutation
74
Trastuzumab
anti cancer specific for HER mutation
75
Cetuximab
anti cancer specific to HER mutation
76
e.g. erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib
anti cancer specific to HER mutation
77
Alkylating agent (Cisplatin)
cytotoxic anti-cancer
78
Methotrexate
anti-metabolite (cancer)
79
5-fluorouracil
anti-metabolite (cancer)
80
Doxorubicin
anti-metabolite (cancer)
81
Paclitaxel
anti-metabolite (cancer)
82
Tamoxifen
Estrogen receptor antagonist so estrogen can't bind breast cancer cells
83
Bevacizumab
anti-angiogenesis mAB (cancer)
84
Imatinib Mesylate
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
85
Ciprofloxacin
anti-biotic for CF
86
Tobramycin inhalation solution
inhaled aminoglycoside antibiotic for CF
87
Levofloxacin
fluroquinolone antibiotic for CF
88
Ivacaftor
increase CFTR channel open probability for G551D mutation (class 3)
89
Orkambi (Ivacaftor and Lumacaftor)
homo F508del mutation only
90
Symdeco (Ivacaftor and Tezacaftor)
homo F508del mutation or hetero with 1 residual CFTR funct
91
Morphine
full mu agonist for chronic pain
92
Buprenorphine
partial mu agonist
93
Naloxone
antag at ALL opioid receptors
94
Gabapentinoids
for NEURO PAIN (1st line)
95
Omega-conotoxin (Ziconotide)
works at dorsal horn for neuro pain or chronic pain
96
Nitrate (GTN - glyceryl trinitrate)
undergoes biotransformation to release NO and stimulate guanylate cyclase -> more GTP conversion into cGMP
97
Isosorbide dinitrate
long acting (dilate veins for HT)
98
Ivabradine
for angina
99
Pirfenidone
for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (in alveoli)
100
Nintedanib
multi-kinase inhibitor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (in alveoli)
101
Salbutamol (SABA)
reliever
102
salmeterol (slow) + formoterol (fast)
controller
103
Ipratropium bromide (SAMA)
muscarinic antag (NONSELECTIVE)
104
Tiotropium bromide (LAMA)
long acting muscarinic antag
105
(budesonide, fluticasone propionate, beclomethasone dipropionate + prednisolone)
preventer
106
Mepolizumab
anti-IL-5
107
Roflumilast
PDE4 blocker
108
(atenolol = hydrophilic)
for HT, stable + unstable angina, arrhythmia and chronic heart failure
109
Prazosin
alpha 1 antag
110
alpha-methyl dopa (centrally acting anti-hypertensive)
alpha 2 agonist
111
Thiazide
diuretic at DCT to treat HT
112
Furosemide
diuretic at loop of henle to treat heart failure
113
Enalapril
ACE inhibitor (compet) for HT
114
Losartan
AT1 receptor antag for HT
115
L-type VGCC blockers
treat HT
116
Nifedipine
dihdropyridine (L-type selective VGCC blocker) for HT
117
Lignocaine
Na channel blocker
118
Amiodarone
K+ channel blocker
119
Digoxin
cardiac glycoside (inotropic drug)
120
Statin
inhibits HMG-coA reductase (compet)
121
Dornase Alpha (pulmozyme)
inhaled to thin mucus by cleaving neutrophil DNA (CF)
122
Mannitol
inhaled osmotic agent to thin mucus (CF)
123
Pancrelipase
enteric coated amylases, proteases and lipases (CF)
124
Dobutamine
partial B1 agonist (acute heart failure)
125
Milrinone
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
126
Spironolactone
Aldosterone receptor antag
127
Metoprolol & carvedilol
beta antagonists to decrease CO and afterload (treat chronic heart failure)

PHRM30003 (3 decks)

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