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LEDA > phsychosociol final > Flashcards

phsychosociol final Flashcards

1
Q

psychosis?

A

the inability to recognize reality, relate to others, or cope with life’s demands.

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2
Q

schizophrenia?

A

the most common psychosis, group of related disorders characterized by disordered thinking, perceptions, and behaviors.

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3
Q

neurobiological functions?

A

the ability to function, change, and adapt is influenced by certain physical brain functions, their connections, and their chemical messengers.

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4
Q

failure to thrive syndrome?

A

inability to integrate the physical, emotional, and sensorimotor realms of functioning.

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5
Q

As young as what age does psychotic disorders occur? and what are the 3 risk factors that have been identified?

A

As young as 5 years old. 1. Genetic Influences

         2. Complications during pregnancy or birth.
                                    3. Biochemical Imbalances
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6
Q

what area does schizophrenia involve?

A

It involves every area of functioning, so the child has problems with motor control, emotional control and expression, perception and understanding, thinking logically, and communicating effectively.

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7
Q

telepathy?

A

the brief that one is able to read others minds and ideas that one is remotely controlled by others are common.

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8
Q

what are the 5 subtypes of schizophrenia?

A

CATAONIC- marked psychomotor problems. ( immobility or excessive activity with no purpose; odd movements, rigid posture, stereotype movement, echolalia(echoes others speech)
DISORGANIZED- disordered thinking, speech, and behaviors; affects is flat or inappropriate, distorted facial expression, unable to perform activities of daily living.
PARANOID- auditory hallucinations, high anxiety levels suspicious, angry, can be violent or suicidal. organized delusions
UNDIFFERENTIATED-does not meet criteria for other subtypes, disorganized speech, behaviors, , hallucinations, delusions, negative symptoms,
RESIDUAL- has had at least one acute episode of schizophrenia, is free of acute psychosis but still has negative symptoms of withdrawal, emotional changes, disorganized speech and odd behaviors ,schizophrenia is present for many years, time is limited between acute episodes, prognosis is poor.

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9
Q

hallucinations?

A

false sensory inputs with no external stimuli. may take for of smell, sounds, tastes, sight, and touch.

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10
Q

illusions?

A

false perceptions of real stimuli

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11
Q

agnosia?

A

an inability to recognize familiar objects or people.

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12
Q

delusions?

A

fixed false ideas that are not based in reality.

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13
Q

ideas of reference?

A

the idea that people or the media are talking about oneself.

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14
Q

derealization?

A

a loss of ego boundaries with an inability to tell where ones body ends and the environment begins.

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15
Q

what are some unusual characteristics in person with schizophrenia?

A

clang association, concrete thinking, ch

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16
Q

psychological models?

A

view schizophrenia as being caused by a basic character flaw combined with poor family relationships. ( overprotective, anxious mothers, cold uncaring fathers. and couples who stayed together for sake of the kids.)

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17
Q

social cultural theories?

A

consider the effects of environment on the development of psychoses. [poverty, homelessness, unstable families, and cultural differences all have been suggested affects.

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18
Q

perseveration?

A

the repeating of the same idea in response to different questions .

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19
Q

poverty of thought?

A

a lack of ability to produce new thoughts or follow a train of thought.

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20
Q

alexithymia?

A

a difficulty in identifying and describing emotions.

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21
Q

apathy?

A

a lack of concern, interest, or feelings.

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22
Q

anhedonia?

A

the inability to experience pleasure in life.

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23
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

relate to maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. they include hallucination, speech problems, and bizarre behaviors.

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24
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

relate to the lack of adaptive mechanisms. they include flat affect, poor grooming, withdrawal, poverty of speech.

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25
Q

How long do symptoms have to occur for it to be diagnosed as a diagnostic label?

A

1 year.

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26
Q

the schizophrenia commonly occurs through what 4 stages?

A

prodromal phase, prepsychotic phase, acute phase, residual phase.

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27
Q

prodromal phase?

A

begins with withdrawal, a lack of energy, and little motivation. may appear confused and in a world of their own.

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28
Q

prepsychotic phase?

A

individuals are usually quiet, passive and obedient, and they prefer to alone.

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29
Q

acute phase?

A

vary widely but include disturbances in thought, perception, behavior, and emotion. Frequently individuals lose contact with reality and become unable to function even in the most basic ways.

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30
Q

residual phase?

A

follows an acute episode. It is marked by a lack of energy, no interest in goal- directed activities, and negative outlook.

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31
Q

Remission?

A

the ability to manage some basic activity of daily living returns, and the individual experiences some relief from the distresses of psychosis.

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32
Q

brief psychotic disorders?

A

a psychotic disorder disturbance that lasts for more than 1 day but less than 1 month.

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33
Q

delusional disorders?

A

characterized for more than 1 month of nonbizarre (reality based) fixed ideas.

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34
Q

shared psychotic disorders?

A

is defined as a disturbance that develops in an individual who is influenced by someone else who has an established delusion with similar content.

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35
Q

schizoaffective disorder?

A

diagnosed when depression or mania is also present.

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36
Q

what also relates to psychotic behaviors?

A

street drugs, and several medications.

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37
Q

what medications are used to treat psychoses ?

A

antipsychotics or neuroleptic drugs.

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38
Q

what are the classes that are used to treat psychosis?

A
  • -HIGH POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTICS: fluphenazine (prolixin), haloperidol (Haldol), thiothixene (navene)
    • MODERATE POTENCY PSYCHOTICS: loxapine (loxitane), molidone (moban), perphenazine (trilafon)
  • -LOW POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTICS: chlorpromazine (thorazine), mesoridazine (serentil), thioridazine (Mellaril),
  • -ATYPICALS: Clozapine (clozaril), olanzapine (zyprea), quetiapine (Seroquel), risperidone (Risperdal).
39
Q

What are extrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs)?

A

It Is a CNS alteration, best described as abnormal involuntary movement disorders that develop because of a drug induced imbalance between two major neurotransmitters, dopamine and acetylcholine, in portions of the brain.

40
Q

what is akathisia?

A

is an inability to sit still. clients experiencing akathisia is report that they feel nervous and jittery or have lots of nervous energy.

41
Q

akinesia-

A

means the absence of movement, both physically and mentally.

42
Q

bradykinesia?

A

slowing of body movements and a diminished mental state.

43
Q

dyskinesia?

A

is characterized by involuntary abnormal skeletal muscle movement. usually seen in jerking motions and sometimes interfere with walking and perform other movements.

44
Q

dystonia?

A

impaired muscle tone. produce rigidity in the muscles that control gait, posture, and eye movements.

45
Q

oculogyric crisis?

A

eyes involuntary roll back to the back of the head.

46
Q

what is another dystonia reaction?

A

in which contracted cervical muscles force the neck into a twisted position.

47
Q

what is neuroleptic malignant syndrome? (NMS)

A

is a potentially fatal extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotics medications. frequently goes undiagnosed. death can occur from resp. failure, kidney failure, aspiration pneumonia, or pulmonary emboli.

48
Q

what signs or symptoms given should nurses expect NMS?

A

symptoms of pneumonia or urinary tract infection. clients who also have diaphoresis, tachycardia, and elevated white blood cell count, or any muscles rigidity.

49
Q

tardive dyskinesia?

A

is a drug condition that produces involuntary, repeated movements of muscles of the face, trunk, arms, and legs.

50
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia?

A
  • protrusion of the tongue
  • puffing of the cheeks or tongue of the cheeks
  • grinding of the teeth, chewing, lateral jaw movements
  • lip smacking, puckering
  • grimacing, making faces
  • blinking, squinting
  • impaired gag reflex
  • thrusting of pelvis
  • toe movements, foot taping
  • impaired diaphragmatic movements ( breathing difficulties)
51
Q

what are the anticholinergic effects?

A

dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, and photophobia(sensitivity to bight light)

52
Q

what tachycardia?

A

is a more serious side effect and can cause sudden death.

53
Q

what are some peripheral nervous system side effects?

A

constipation, dry mouth, nasal congestion, blurred vision, mydriasis, photophobia, hypotension or orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, urinary retention, urinary retention, urinary hesitant, sedation, weight gain, agranulocytosis.

54
Q

what are some central nervous system effects?

A

akathisia, dystonias, drug-induced parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, seizures.

55
Q

what is exacerbations?

A

are periods of dysfunction accompanied by an increase in the signs, symptoms, and seriousness of the problem.

56
Q

what is remission?

A

partial or complete disappearance of symptoms

57
Q

what is chronic mental illness?

A

is the presence of one or more recurring psychiatric disorders that result in significantly impaired functional abilities.

58
Q

what is a chemical restraint?

A

is a medication that reduces psychotic symptoms and quiets behavior.

59
Q

what is revolving door syndrome?

A

a cycle of repeated short hospital admissions and discharge.

60
Q

many self medicate to relieve distressing symptoms such as?

A

cocaine, alcohol, heroin, and polysubstances.

61
Q

people with mental illness generally live of how many years difference from the general population?

A

10 to 15 years.

62
Q

what is altered thought processes?

A

it disrupt the ability to think clearly, solve problems, or make plans.

63
Q

when is loneliness?

A

is the suffering the result when one is isolated from other people.

64
Q

how does sexual behaviors take part in mental disorders?

A

sexual behaviors of chronically mentally disordered people place them at an increased risk form contracting and sharing sexually transmitted diseases.

65
Q

what does autism mean?

A

children with autism are in a world of their own. they do not develop the ability to respond to and communicate their needs. they remain dependent among others.

66
Q

what children are at risk for childhood schizophrenia?

A

although uncommon, does occur and almost always develops into a chronic mental health problem.

67
Q

what is co-morbidity? (co- occurring)

A

refers to the presence of two or more mental health disorders.

68
Q

what is dual diagnosis?

A

individuals that are suffering from two mental health disorders, one in which is usually substance related.

69
Q

what is psychiatric rehabilitation?

A

focuses on assisting individuals with serious mental illness to effectively cope with their life situations.

70
Q

what is the basic goal for chronically disordered metal health?

A

basic goal is to maintain the highest possible level of daily function. goal to achieve stabilization and maintain highest possible level.

71
Q

what is the first step in working with severely mental disordered clients?

A

it is to complete the most database possible.

72
Q

chronically mentally ill prison inmates revealed several interesting facts about them, what are they?

A
  • they receive longer sentences.
  • they served a high proportion of their sentences.
  • hey committed 5 times more staff assault.
  • they were more likely to be victimized than inmates who were not mentally ill.
73
Q

how much percent do individuals with chronic mental illness abuse drugs?

A

75 %

74
Q

during what stage do maladaptive behaviors become ingrained and new ones are developed?

A

adolescence

75
Q

what does chronic mean?

A

means long lasting, persistent, or continual.

76
Q

what individuals have higher rates of suicide?

A

chronic mental health problem individuals.

77
Q

how do individuals handle their distressing symptoms?

A

by using alcohol , street drugs, or other chemicals.

78
Q

people with chronic mental illness are contributing members such as?

A

homeless, criminals, and the odd neighbors down the street.

79
Q

it is estimated that how much percent does state prisons suffer from mental illness?

A

25%. state prison are also feeling increase in mentally ill inmates.

80
Q

what goes hand in hand with mental illness?

A

poverty and mental illness. most are unable to plan or use the money wisely.

81
Q

what two characteristics that are divided into 2 categories for mental illness?

A

psychological characteristics and behavioral characteristics.

82
Q

what may result from development of a personality disorder or psychosis?

A

conflicts between expectations.

83
Q

when do chronically disordered are discharged when?

A

once an acute psychiatric episode has subdivided.

84
Q

when are mental disorder individuals hospitalized?

A

when their behaviors pose a threat to themselves or others.

85
Q

what is the average length that mental ill individuals stay at a hospital?

A

10 days

86
Q

What precipitates acute psychotic disorders?

A

high levels of stress.

87
Q

what are antianxiety and antidepressants are often prescribed for what?

A

to improve emotional comfort, help control hallucination and other symptoms of psychosis.

88
Q

what are some common triggers of acute psychotic episodes?

A

poor nutrition, lack of sleep, out of balance circadian rhythms, fatigue, infection, central nervous system drugs, lack of exercise, anxiety, mood abnormalities, behavioral disorder.

89
Q

what dies the nature of ones mental disorder determine?

A

level of disability

90
Q

who and when did recommendation the people with chronic mental disorder be treated in the least restricted environment.

A
  1. Presidents commission on mental health.
91
Q

what are therapeutic interventions designed to help?

A

help the client solve the identified problem.

92
Q

chronic mental disorders are disabling for who?

A

every society and culture.

93
Q

when do chronic mental health begin?

A

it can begin at any stage in life, but they are usually not noted until early or middle adulthood.

LEDA (3 decks)

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