phycology attachment Flashcards
(24 cards)
what is international synchrony
caregiver and infant mirror eachothers actions
such as emotion and movement to sustain communication
what is a study that looks into international synchroncy
meltzoff and more
observed the beginnings of (IS) of baby’s ages 12days-21days
adult was told to do 1/3 facial expressions or 1/3 manual gestures
babies response was filmed and labelled
observers seen photos asked to pair up
there was a significant association and synchronised behaviour is innate
what is reciprocity
when child or adult response w a similar action as a two way process to interact, the behaviour has to elicit a response
what is the story of reciprocity
brazelton et al investigate interactions between mothers and infants
12 mum and infant pairs seen over the first 5 months of their life
video taped and coded sessions
mothers came from behind curtain positive interaction
leave 30s come back 3 minutes and asked to have still face expressions
what was the results of brazletons study on reciprocity
when mothers was positive- movement was smooth? looked at mum
when still emotion- jerky, averted gaze, attempt to get kim’s attention , curls up and lays motionless
what are the evaluation points for reciprocity
+ research support
+ practical applications antenatal classes
- low pop val
what are caregiver infant interactions
reciprocity and interactional synchrony
what are the 4 stages of attachment
shafer and emerson said
1- Asosial
2- indiscriminitive attachment
3- specific attachment
4- multiple attachment
what is asosial attachment according to SHAFER AND EMERSON
- first few weeks
- happy in presence of peopel
- behaviour toward humans and inamitae objects is similat
what is indiscriminative attachment according to SHAFER AND EMERSON
- preference to humans
- 2-7 months old
- prefer familiar people
- accept attention from all adults
what is the specific attachment stage according to SHAFER AND EMERSON
- from 7 months
- separation and stranger anxiety form
- formed a specific attachment by now
- 65% cases attachment is mother
what is the multiple attachment stage according to SHAFER AND EMERSON
- 8-12 months
- formed an attachment to other then their primary attachment
what was SHAFER AND EMERSON STUDYING
the age in which attachment forms the intensity and who with
how did shafer and emerson study stages of attachment?
60 baby’s WC families
mothers and baby’s were visited every month for 12 months and once more at 18 months
mothers asked questions about strange and separation anxiety each time
what was shafer and emerson results for stages of attachment study
- 65% first attachment mother
- 3% father
27% joint first attachment - 18 months 87% had more then one attachment
separation and strange anxiety forms 6-8 months
what was shafer and emerson’s conclusion to stages of attachment
attachment develops in stages
having multiple attachments a rule not an exception
mother isn’t always primary attachment
it’s based on sensitivity and responsiveness
what are the evaluation points for shafer and emerson’s study on stages of attachment
- research support
- longitudinal study
- eco val
- pop val
what is the role of a father according to phycology
play and level of responsiveness
how was play studies for role of the father in attachment
grossman- longitudinal study on both parents behaviour
studies the relationship to quality of attachment in teen years
fathers attachment is less important but the quality of play is important related to attachment
fathers role is play and stimulation
fathers play boisterously excitinf and pleasurable compared to mothers
how was the level of responsiveness studied for role of fathers in attachment
field studied fathers as a primary caregiver
fathers spend time more smiling imitating and touchy when there PCG
key attachment isn’t down to gender
Lamb said children prefer dads when playful and awake and mums when they need comforting
what is the conclusion of fathers in the role of attachment
gender isn’t crucial it’s about the caregivers sensitivity and envolvement
what did brown et al say about the role of fathers in attachment
it’s about parental sensitivity and studied 13 month olds and 2 years old and said the involvement of the father emotionally influenced father - child attachment
what is the evaluation points for the role of the father in attachment
+ practice applications
- not objective
- socially sensitive
