Phylogeny

Question 1

DEFINE phylogeny

Answer 1

The evolutionary history of relations of species.

Question 2

Explain how phylogeny is determined

Answer 2

scientists use information from fossils, anatomy, and DNA sequences to compare traits, then base off of that, they build a phylogeny tree until the organisms reach a common ancestor.

Question 3

Describe homologous traits in constructing phylogenetic tree

Answer 3

Traits inherited from a common ancestors that shows evolutionary relationships

Question 4

taxonomy

Answer 4

the definition of naming stuff

Question 5

what famous scientist came up with the taxonomy scheme.

Answer 5

Carlous Linnaeus

Question 6

What are the biological hierarchy of taxonomic groups in order? (hint: 8)

Answer 6

1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species

Question 7

What are the 3 Domains

Answer 7

1. Bacteria
2. Eukarya
3. Archaea

Question 8

Branch point

Answer 8

divergent of 2 species and shows where lineages diverge.

Question 9

sister taxa

Answer 9

groups that share an immediate immediate common ancestor.
l
—————
l l
l l
l l
l l
l l

Question 10

basal taxon

Answer 10

diverges early, and is the closets to the common ancestor

             l---------------
             l--------------- --------------l l                l----------------  -----------------------------------------*

Question 11

Polytomy

Answer 11

2+ branches
l
——————————
l. l l
l l l
l l l
l l l
l l l

Question 12

homology

Answer 12

similarity due to shared ancestry

Question 13

Explain the homologous and analogous terms between bats and birds

Answer 13

bat and bird wings are homologous but analogous as functional wings

Question 14

analogy

Answer 14

similar due to convergent evolution

Question 15

Molecular systematics

Answer 15

evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 16

Cladistics

Answer 16

groups organisms by common descent

Question 17

clade

Answer 17

groups species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants

Question 18

Monophyletic

Answer 18

the ancestor species and all its descendants

Question 19

Paraphyletic

Answer 19

an ancestral species + some (but not all) of its descendants

Question 20

Polyphyletic

Answer 20

various species with different ancestors

Question 21

which phyletics are clades

Answer 21

monophyletic

Question 22

which phyletics are not clades

Answer 22

polyphyletic and paraphyletic

Question 23

shared ancestral character

Answer 23

originated in an ancestor of the taxon (ex: vertebrae)

Question 24

shared derived character

Answer 24

evolutionary trait unique to a particular clade (ex: hair)

Question 25

True or False; a character can be BOTH ancestral and derived.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Outgroup

Answer 26

distantly related and diverged before the ingroup

Question 27

ingroup

Answer 27

organisms within a group

Question 28

maximum parsimony

Answer 28

the tree requires the fewest evolutionary events

Question 29

which parsimony carries features of shares derived characters?

Answer 29

maximum parsimony

Question 30

principle of maximum likelihood

Answer 30

most likely sequences of evolutionary events

Question 31

Name the original 2 Kingdoms

Answer 31

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 32

name the 6 kingdoms

Answer 32

Eubacteria, Archaea, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

Question 33

Name the 3 domains

Answer 33

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 34

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 34

the movement of genes from one genome to another