Phylum Annelida Flashcards

1
Q

What is metamerism?

A

The repetition of identical anatomical units(segmentation), segments separated by sepa, allows different body regions to develop for different purposes or uses, independent movement by various segments.

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2
Q

Locomotion in Annelids

A

The segmentation allows each part to move independently, aids hydrostatic skeleton and muscle contractions by allowing the animal to contract only a few segments at time in order to move.

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3
Q

Predation in segmented animals

A

Segmentation allows specialisation of different body segments for different functions such as the head or the mouth.

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4
Q

Nervous system in Annelids

A

The cerebral ganglion is in the head region, each segment is connected by ganglion branch from the ventral cord.

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5
Q

Characteristics of leeches

A

Mostly freshwater/terrestrial, some marine, eyes(not image forming), no parapodia or chetae, 34 segments only, anterior and posterior sucker and not able to regenerate lost parts.

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6
Q

Predation in leeches

A

Eyes detect changes in light, chemoreception, detect vibrations (using sensilla).

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7
Q

Characteristics of blood sucking leeches

A

Have blade like jaws, secrete anticoagulants, use anesthetic so prey doesn’t feel bite, suck up fluids, drop off prey

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8
Q

Locomotion in leeches

A

Body extended - attachment of anterior sucker to the substrate - longitudinal muscles contract bringing the posterior part of the body forward.
Swimming: dorsoventrally flatten their body and swim

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9
Q

Reproduction in leeches

A

They Are hermaphrodites : bodies intertwine, sperm deposited into the clitellar area of each other, secretes cocoon and deposits eggs( cocoon contains nutrients) , cocoon dries to form a foam and young break out of cocoon.

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10
Q

General features of oligochaetes (earthworm)

A

Mostly terrestrial, some freshwater, eat organic matter in the soil, ability to regenerate parts, head (simple), body segmented (up to 140) , segments marked by circular grooves calles annuli, has a circulatory system( 5 simple hearts).

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11
Q

Earthworm feeding

A

First segment contains mouth , they consume the soil-extracting nutrients from decomposing organic matter, Are vital to soil health.

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12
Q

Respiration and circulatory system in earthworms

A

Respiration: via diffusion, skin must be moist.

Circulatory : closed circulatory system blood enclosed with blood vessels, 5 simple hearts.

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13
Q

Digestive system in earthworms

A

Mouth-muscular pharynx-passes through a narrow oesophagus-crop(storage organ)- gizzard (grinds food with the aid of stones) - food absorbed in the intestine- anus

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14
Q

Hydrostatic skeleton in earthworms

A

Coelem is filled with fluid , contraction of longitudinal and circular muscles, alernate contractions allows movement .

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15
Q

Reproduction in earthworms

A

Exactly the same as leeches

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16
Q

General characteristics of polychaetes

A

Mostly marine, some freshwater , predators/filter feeders/ non-selective deposit feeders/selective deposit feeders/parasitic, respiration via diffusion or gills, body segmented ( parapodia present in segments), no suckers.

17
Q

What is parapodia ?

A

Chaetae in protection , gripping substrate, used for locomotion, respiration and reproduction, notopodium (respiration/locomotion), neuropodium (locomotion)

18
Q

Head in polychaetes

A

Greater cephalisation than other Annelids , mouth locales below the protomium and in front peristomium, eyes( in some) , jaws in some, head modified according to feeding types.

19
Q

Reproduction in polychaetes

A

Seasonal reproduction, sexes usually separate, fertilisation internal or external, larvae develop into trocophore larvae

20
Q

General features of Annelids

A

Terrestrial/marine/freshwater, free living/parasitic, coelomate, triploblastic, bilateral symmetry, segmented bodies, chetae in polychaetes and oligochaetes, non-chitinous cuticle, mostly hermaphrodites.