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Zoo Exam 2 > Phylum Athropods > Flashcards

Phylum Athropods Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Taxonomy in order including: subphylum, superclass, and subclass

A

kingdom
phylum
subphylum
superclass
class
subclass
order
family
genus
species

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2
Q

what taxonomic groups of arthropods are recognized

A

1)subphylum trilobita
2)subphylum chelicerata- class merostomata (horseshoe crab) and class arachinda (spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions)
3)subphylum crustacea (crab lobster crayfish)
4)Subphylum myriapoda- class chilopoda (centipedes) and class diplopoda (millipedes)
5)subphylum hexapoda- class insecta

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3
Q

is the largest phylum arthropods?

A

yes
75% of known animal species

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4
Q

what is first reason for arthropod success

A

-exoskeleton (cuticle) with flexible joints,
secreted by the epidermis
-primarily chitin (a tough, resistant, nitrogenous
polysaccharide that is insoluble in water, alkalis,
and weak acids)
-cuticle is flexible but affords protection,
particularly against dehydration
-Calcium salts in cuticle of crustaceans

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5
Q

what is major disadvantage of arthropod exoskeleton

A

must be molted since its not alive and cannot grow

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6
Q

second reason for arthropod success

A

segmentation and appendages for more efficient locomotion

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7
Q

how are the appendages unique

A

they’re jointed
hollow lever moved by internal muscle
gives them great strength

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8
Q

third reason for arthropod success

A

air piped directly to cells
terrestrial arthropods have a highly efficient tracheal
system which delivers oxygen directly to the tissues
and cells
high metabolic rate possible
Disadvantage: limits
body size

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9
Q

what is used in aquatic species respiration

A

gills

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10
Q

fourth reason for arthropod sucess

A

highly developed sensory organs
keenly alert to surroundings

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11
Q

fifth reason for arthropod success

A

complex behavior patterns

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12
Q

sixth reason for arthropods success

A

metamorphosis

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13
Q

what are the two kinds of metamorphosis

A

holometabolous (“complete change”) and hemimetabolous
(“half change”)
also called complete and incomplete metamorphosis

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14
Q

how does this phylum excrete waste

A

gills through which nitrogenous wastes are lost via diffusion

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15
Q

what glands are used for osmoregulation

A

antennal glands aka green glands

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16
Q

what type of excretory/osmoregulatory do terrestrial arthropods have

A

have Malpighian tubules

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17
Q

what is circulatory system in aquatic forms such as crayfish

A

open circulatory system with heart and arteries but no veins

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18
Q

What is the circulatory system in terrestrial forms
such as insects and spiders?

A

Open circulatory system
pump : dorsal vessel, moves blood by peristalsis
extent of arteries varies, no veins
pumps hemolymph (blood), consisting of plasma and amebocytes

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19
Q

mouthparts found among insects (3)

A

biting or chewing (grasshopper)
sucking (mosquito)
sponging and lapping (house fly)
some insects combine these

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20
Q

Evolutionary relationship between
annelids and arthropods?

A

rocophore larvae evidence for annelid/mollusc
relationship
RNA evidence does not show close relationship
between annelids and arthropods
there is active research in this area
segmentation of annelids and arthropods may be
homoplasy or homology, research ongoing

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21
Q

What subphylum and class are horseshoe crabs?

A

Chelicerata

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22
Q

Why are they called chelicerata?

A

because they possess chelicera, the first pair of head appendages, used to seize prey

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23
Q

what are in subphylum Chelicerata, class Arachnida

A

mites, ticks and spiders and scorpions

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24
Q

what is chelicera

Study These Flashcards
A

used to kill prey/pierce food source
poison fangs in spiders

25
what are pedipals
paired head appendages used as legs, pincers or feeder
26
what glands make silk in spiders
silk glands
27
silk glands make silk, which is then emitted as liquid by what
spinnerets
28
what is sexual dysmorphism in spiders
males have specialized pedipalps used for sperm transfer males are small compared to female
29
how do spiders have sex
male spins small web and deposits sperm which is then sucked into modified pedipalps male courts female with ritualized movements and insert pedipalp into the seminal receptacle of female
30
class Arachnida what are the two major parts of a spiders body
cephalothorax and abdomen
31
how many eyes and legs to Arachnida have
8 eyes 8 legs
32
what are two spiders in US that are dangerous
black widow and brown recluse
33
what does black widow release
neurotoxin
34
what does brown recluse release
necrotic
35
how do scorpions differ in structure from spiders
short cephalothorax, pre-abdomen and post abdomen of 5 segments which ends in a stinging telson small chelicerae and enlarged pincer-like pedipalps
36
class Arachnida order acari what are they
acari-mites and ticks
37
how are acari medially and economically
second only to mosquitoes as disease vectors carry apicomplexans, viral, bacterial and fungal organisms some very serious ag pests belong in the group
38
how do ticks and mites differ from all other arachnids?
complete fusion of the cephalothorax and abdomen, with no signs of external segmentation most have 4 pairs of legs like other arachnids
39
what tick carry lyme disease
deer tick
40
order acari-mites how are they mammalian pests
chiggers are mite larvae that cause dermatitis and transmit disease, some cause mange most are free living
41
Subphylum Myriapoda what is class Chilipoda what is class Diplopoda
Centipedes (class Chilipoda) Millipedes (class Diplopoda)
42
Explain class chilopod
centipedes have similar segments, 1 pair of legs per segment, first pair modified into maxillipeds with poison fangs segments are somewhat flattened fast-moving predators, live in moist places
43
explain class Diplopoda
millepedes have two pairs of short legs per segment: slow moving millepede head bears a pair of each of antennae, mandibles, and maxillae herbivores, perfer dark, moist places; protect themselves by curling up and secreting toxic fluids from repugnatiorial glands
44
what does this subphylum (crustacea) include terrestrial or aquatic arthropods
aquatic
45
what percentage of all named animal species are either crustaceans or insects
80%
46
explain the crustacean body plan, and what is unique
cephalothorax and segmented abdomen one pair of appendages/per segments but highly modified to serve different functions unique- are only arthropods with 2 pair of antennae
47
how does digestive system in crustaceans
crushing mandibles>esophagus>cardiac stomach>pyloric stomach>intestine
48
what type of development do crustacean have
most have indirect with true larval stage
49
what is the most primitive and widely occurring larvae among crustaceans
nauplius
50
What major group of crustaceans includes, crabs, lobsters, crayfish, and how many species are there in this group?
Order decapoda (about 18,000 species) 3 pairs of maxillipeds; five pairs of walking legs, some have major pincers (chelae)!
51
what is an example of terrestrial crustaceans
isopods (pillbugs) lack a cuticle that prevents dehydration, so they must live in moist locations
52
what is an unusual crustacean and how is it classified as such
barnacles sessile, filter feeders they have jointed appendages, so they cant be molluscs
53
what is subphylum hexapoda body plan
head thorax-3 pairs of legs on thorax abdomen have wings as adults
54
how important ecologically and to humans are subphylum hexapoda class insecta
all feeding types inhibit all habitat except marine important to humans bc of pollinators, crop and forest pests, disease vector
55
In terms of adaptive radiation and ecological success, which class in THE dominant terrestrial animal
insecta 1.1 mil species
56
how are insects so successful? (6 answers)
exoskeleton protects them from dehydration and serves as a firm attachment for powerful muscles efficient excretory system to conserve water along with birds and bats, the only animals that can fly larvae and adults avoid competition with each other complex, effective internal respiratory system
57
Which type of flight muscles do more primitive insects have (such as grasshoppers and dragonflies)?
direct flight muscles
58
how do direct flight muscles work
each wing stroke is initiated by a nervous impulse- this is called synchronous nervous control
59
explain indirect flight muscles
attached to thorax asynchronous nervous control =many wing strokes are initiated by one nervous impulse makes possible very rapid wing beats e.g.true flies, gnats, and bees

Zoo Exam 2 (6 decks)

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