Phylum Nematoda Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are some characteristics of Nematodas?
- cylindrical and tapered at both ends.
- pseudocoelom
- dioecious
- complete digestive system
- monoxenous and heteroxenous
What families are in Order Rhabditida?
Family Rhabditidae (dogs, ox’s and sheep) and Strongyloidae (sheep, cattle, pigs, horses, dogs and humans).
Where is family Rhabditida parasites located?
located in the skin and could be controlled with improved bedding.
Where is the family Strongyloididae located?
in the small intestines and only females are parasitic.
What are the different species family Strongyloididae?
S.papillosus (ruminants)
S.ransomi (pigs)
S.westeri (horses)
S.stercoralis (dogs, cats and humans)
What are the eggs like of family Rhabditida?
thin shelled and embryonated.
What is the morphology of Order Rhabditida?
they have fillariform oesophagus (1/3 of body)
What is the life cycle of Order Rhabditida?
parasitic female is embedded, anterior first into submucosa and lay their eggs.
life cycle can be either homoxenous or heteroxenous and they infect in host subcutaneously (tracheal migration) or orally.
What are homo and heterogonic lifecycles refer to?
These refer to the factors that affect larvae development.
adverse HOST but good environment = heterogonic
adverse ENVIRONMENT but food host = homogonic
What are some characteristics of Order Strongylida?
- bursa’s in males
- corona radiata
- 3-6 lips
- thin shelled with many cells
How can we identify Order Strongylida parasites?
- bursa shape
- lobe development
- ray arrangement
Where are different places that Genus trichostrongyles are found?
- abomasum trichostrongylus axei haemonchus oatertagia - small intestine trichostrongylus spp cooperia spp nematodirus spp - lungs dictyocaulus spp
What happens in the preparasitic stage?
- development of infective stage
- movement to where they can in ingested
- survive in the environment
What is hypobiosis?
arrested developed and can happen in L3 or early L4 stages.
What are haemonchus details?
- in the abomasum and death can occur before the eggs are shed in faeces.
- females look like barbers pole and males are the longest trichstrongyles
- the anteror end has cervical papillae with a small pointed mouth.
- male bursa have buttons at the end of their spicules.
- female vulva is covered by flap
- eggs are thin shelled with many eggs inside with equal poles.
What are Osteragia details?
- in abomasum
- anterior cuticle may be slightly inflated
- cervical pappillae
- thin shelled eggs with many cells and symmetrical poles
- Type 1: direct development of a large number of adults (usually seen in pasture young animals)
- Type 2: synchronised maturation with nodules. these can appear many months after animal has left the pasture.
What are Cooperia details?
- small intestine
- anterior cuticle swelling with transverse striations
- flattened egg poles
What are Nematodius details?
- small intestine
- female tail = short and truncate
- really large eggs with big blastomere
- L3 development takes place inside the egg
- they can survive in the environment for long period
What are Dictyocaulus filaria details?
- bronchi and trachae in sheep and goats
- short bursa with brown spicules
- embryonated eggs
- first stage larvae are passed in faeces
- free living larvae dont feed they’re rich in nutrients.
What is different about Dictyocalus viviparous?
- they’re in cattle
What are some factors of the family Strongloidea?
- buccal capsule with sclerotised walls
- corona radiata
- well developed male bursa
- mostly in large intestine
What is the difference between subfamilies strongylinae and cyatnostomine?
strongylinae = large strongyles cyatnostominae = small strongyles
What are Ancylostmatoides?
Hookworms
What are some anyclostomatoidea features?
- anterior end bent dorsally. buccal capsule but no corona radiata.
- posterior end of males = bursa
- small intestine
- thin shelled with morula eggs
