PHYLUM PORIFERA Flashcards by Eulivanne Rose Anduyan

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

Porifera = ____(___) + ____(___)

Porifera = porus(pore) + ferre(to bear)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

____ which is to be permanently attached to the substrate

HABITAT:
They are mostly ____ but sometimes ____

COLOR:
______ sponges are brightly colored
______ are small and dull green color

Sessile

Marine
Freshwater

Saltwater
Freshwater

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

Amount of living species____ and fossil forms _____

Size of Porifera ___ to ____

Although most corals are asymmetrical, some are ____

9000 living
2200 fossil

1 cm to 2 meters

Radially symmetrical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

Sponges have NO _____ or ____ but individual cells react to changes in the environment

They ____ by drawing water through pores
Meanwhile ____ ingest bacteria and particulate food suspended in the water

NO nerves or muscles

Filter-feed
Choanocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GENERAL MORPHOLOGY:

____ pores on the surface of each sponge also known as ____

____ Central hollow cavity also known as _____

_____ Opens to outside through this large circular opening, the exit of water

Ostia
Incurrent Pores

Spongocoel
Paragastric Cavity

Osculum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

BODY WALL:
Three layers that are not true tissues:

_____ External, epithelium-like
____ Gelatinous matrix of protein, in-between
_____ Internal, flagellated

Pinacoderm
Mesenchyme
Choanoderm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

THE 4 TYPES OF CELLS ARE:

Most of them are ____

Amoebocyte
Porocyte
Pinacocyte
Choanocyte

Most of them are PLURIPOTENT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CELL TYPES:

_____(_____)
Most distinctive/important of the sponge cells used for FEEDING

Genetically, they are almost identical to _____, the ancestors of animals

Each has a ____, which beats to draw water currents into the sponge

Surrounded by a sieve-like _____ that acts as a strainer, made of ____ and ____

Food is absorbed through ____ by the collar cell and then sent to other cells

Choanocytes(Collar cells)

Choanoflagellates

Flagellum

Collar
microvilli and microfibrils

Phagocytosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CELL TYPES | CHOANOCYTES:

Choanocytes line major cavities depending on their ______

______ on asconoid types
______ on syconoid types
______ on leuconoid types

CANAL SYSTEMS

Spongocoel
Radial canals
Flagellated Chambers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CELL TYPES:

_____
Nearest thing to tissues

Form the outer “EPITHELIUM and sometimes lines inner passages

They are highly ____ = ____ in circular bands around oscula to regulate water flow

Pinacocytes

Contractile = myocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CELL TYPES:

_____
form the INCURRENT PORES (ostia)

Opening of incurrent canals:
_____ from outside
_____ into spongocoel

Tubular cells which form the pores of ____ sponges

Single tube-shaped cells that act as a VALVE to regulate water flow into _____

Porocytes

dermal ostia
internal ostia

Asconoid sponges

Spongocoel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CELL TYPES:

_____(_____)
Amoeboid type cells

Roam the ____ to receive particles from choanocytes for ____, they also ____ old cells

They contain much ____

They are ____ they can differentiate into any other type of cell

Archaeocytes(Amoebocytes)

Mesenchyme
Digestion
Phagocytize

RNA

Totipotent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CELL TYPES| ARCHAEOCYTES/AMOEBOCYTES:

Specialized amoebocyte cells secrete skeletal elements:

1 _____ : _____
2 _____ : _____
3 _____ : _____

1 Sclerocytes : Spicules (silica or CaCO3)

2 Spongocytes : Proteinaceous spongin fibers

3 Collencytes : Proteinaceous collagen fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sponge spicule morphological diversity:

Monoaxon:
_____

Triaxons:
_____
_____

Tetraxon:
_____

Polyaxon:
_____

Monoaxon:
Diactine

Triaxons:
Triactine
Hexactine

Tetraxon:
Tetractine

Polyaxon:
Polyactine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

WATER FLOW AND BODY STRUCTURE OF SPONGE:

____ wall with three layers
____ The outer layer with epidermal cells
____ water enters through channels created by them
_____ water further passes through and enters this cavity
_____ the cavity is lined with these that create a current
_____ Food is engulfed
_____ transport nutrients to other cells and produce materials for skeletal fibers

WATER FLOW AND BODY STRUCTURE OF SPONGE:
1. Mesohyl
2. Epidermis
3. Porocytes
4. Spongocoel
5. Choanocytes
6. Phagocytosis
7. Amoebocyte

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 ORGANIZATIONS OF SPONGES BASED ON BODY PLAN (simplest to most complicated)

Asconoid
Syconoid
Leuconoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

BODY PLANS:

____
Simplest system, with only one ostia opening

Body seldom exceeds ____ in diameter and is usual vase or tube shaped

Spongocoel is large and flagellated

Study These Flashcards

Asconoid

1 mm

BODY PLANS:

_____
More complex canal system, horizontal folding of wall

Two canal types ____ (non-flagellated) and ____(flagellated) parallel and alternating.

Two openings ____ and ___ in body wall

Spongocoel is narrow and non-flagellated

It is lined by ____

Study These Flashcards

Syconoid

Incurrent canal
Radial canal

Dermal Ostia
Prosopyles

Pinacocytes

BODY PLANS:

______

Most complex canal system.

Flagellated chambers lined by ____

All other spaces lined by ____

Incurrent canals open into _____ through the ____

Grow over ___ in diameter

Spongocoel is excessively narrow and partly disappeared

Study These Flashcards

Leuconoid

Choanocytes

Pinacocytes

Flagellated cluster chambers
Prosopyles

BODY PLAN:

All freshwater and most shallow-water marine sponges have _____ bodies

____ and ____ groups specifically only exist in that form

Study These Flashcards

leuconoid

Hexactinellida
Demospongiae

THREE TYPES OF CANAL SYSTEM:

Study These Flashcards

Ascon

Sycon

Leucon

Ascon canal system order (5):

Study These Flashcards

Ingressing water

Ostia

Spongocoel

Osculum

Outside

Sycon canal system order (9):

Study These Flashcards

Ingressing water

Dermal ostia

Incurrent canal

prosopyles

radial canals

apopyles

Spongocoel

Osculum

Outside

Leucon canal system order (10):

Study These Flashcards

Ingressing water

Dermal ostia

Incurrent canal

Prosopyles

Flagellated chambers

Apopyles

Excurrent canals

Osculum

Outside

SUPPORT: Skeletal framework can be _____ or _____ Fibrous part from collagen fibrils in the intracellular matrix _____ Rigid Skeletons From needlelike spicules ______ and _____

Fibrous Rigid Spongin Calcareous Siliceous

SUPPORT: ____ maintain the shape and keep pores and canals open They can be made out of: ______ ______ makes a network that looks like fiberglass ______ Flexible protein fibers related to keratin

Spicules Calcium Carbonate Silica Spongin

FEEDING AND DIGESTION: They feed on (3): ____ can eat large particles _____ can eat small particles There is one sponge that is a predator: _______ Lives in stagnant water in the mediterranean caves. Has a tentacle with velcro-like hooks.

Detritus Plankton Bacteria Archaeocytes Choanocytes Cladorhiza corona

OTHER SYSTEMS: _____ Method of getting O2 and removing wastes and CO2 As sponges dont have nervous systems or sense organs, they can react to local stimuli or produce ____ and ____

Simple diffusion electrical and chemical signals

REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Asexual reproduction (mitotic cell division): _____ grows on the parent sponge and breaks off to make a new sponge ____/____ sponges are broken/split into pieces that make new clones _____ internal buds that can survive extremely unfavorable conditions

Budding Fission/Fragmentation Gemmules

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: ____ stored in the walls of sponges ____ released into the water Most sponges are _____ where they can function both male and female however, most sponges do so in ____ from one sex to another

Eggs Sperm Hermaphrodites Sequential hermaphroditism

Four classification based on skeletal characteristics: _____ calcareous sponges _____ glass sponges _____ bath sponges _____ unique type

Calcarea Hexactinellida Demospongiae Homoscleromorpha

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SKELETAL CHARACTERISTICS: ______ Most diverse class, 76% or 8800 of identified species Made up of ____

demospongiae silica-based spicules

CLASS DEMOSPONGIAE: _____ bath sponge also belonging in a group called _____ Spicule skeleton is absent and replaced with ____ causing an irregular shape It has several large ____ but with numerous small ____

Spongia Horny sponges Spongin fiber Oscula Ostia

CLASS DEMOSPONGIAE: _____ Elephant's ear sponge Skeleton is only made up of ____ with NO ____ Some species are known to produce ____ which have biomedical properties

Carteriospongia Sponging NO spicules Cytotoxic chemicals

CLASS DEMOSPONGIAE: _____ Barrel sponge Can grow as much as 1.5 high and have volcano or barrel bodies They have a large ____ into a cavernous ____ which serves as a great shelter There are ____ supporting its body

Xestospongia Osculum Spongocoel Siliceous monaxon spicules

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SKELETAL CHARACTERISTICS: _____ Species from all main body structure (asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid, solenoid) Small and drab in color, approx 400 species Spicule skeletons are made of ____

Calcarea CaCO3

CLASS CALCAREA: _____ Occur in clusters or colonies in shore waters Their body is ___ and opens at the tip through the ____

Leucosolenia Tubular Osculum

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SKELETAL CHARACTERISTICS: _____ Deep-sea leuconoids nicknamed "glass sponges" Conduct electrical impulses with a quick response to stimuli

Hexactinellida

CLASS HEXACTINELLIDA: _____ Venus flower basket Is ____ with a cylindrical and curved body. The openings in the meshwork of ____ are called ____. Feather-duster like spicules project from it called ____ There are ____ between spicules which are full of many ____ with the biggest coninuous syncytium known in the metazoa

Euplectella Syconoid 6-rayed spicules Parietal gaps Floricomes Coenocytic syncytium Amoebocyte psuedopods

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SKELETAL CHARACTERISTICS: _____ Massive_____, little spicule variation The most distinct from the demospongiae

Homoscleromorpha Leuconoid

PHYLUM PORIFERA Flashcards

(40 cards)