Phylums

Question 1

Describe the various body zones of Mollusks?

Answer 1

3 body zones; Head-Foot Zone (sensory/motor organs), Visceral Mass Zone (digestion/excretion/reproduction organs), Mantle Zone (special tissue surrounding visceral mass that secretes the shell)

Question 2

What is a characteristic of Nematodes? Give an example

Answer 2

Many are parasitic; Trinchinella causes trichinosis

Question 3

What is the radula and where is it found?

Answer 3

Found in Mollusks; movable tooth-bearing structure that acts like the tongue

Question 4

What is the circulatory system of Annelids like?

Answer 4

Closed circulatory system, heart = 5 pairs of aortic arches, blood contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen

Question 5

What is an example of an animal that belongs to Cnidaria phylum?

Answer 5

Hydra (polyp) + Jellyfish (medusa)

Question 6

What is a notochord and where is it found?

Answer 6

Found in Chordates; a rod that extends the length of the body and serves as a flexible axis

Question 7

What is the symmetry of Mollusks?

Answer 7

Bilateral symmetry

Question 8

What is a characteristic of cells of organisms in Porifera phyla?

Answer 8

Specialized cells that don’t form any true tissues or organs; each cell carries out multiple functions

Question 9

How many phyla are there and what are they?

Answer 9

9; Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, Annelid, Mollusks, Arthropod, Echinoderm, Chordata

Question 10

Where does cephalization (development of head/anterior end) start?

Answer 10

Platyhelminthes

Question 11

Describe the body structure of Chordates?

Answer 11

Have a dorsal, hollow nerve cord and a tail that aids in movement and balance (coccyx bone in humans)

Question 12

What are the special cells in Cnidaria phyla, what do they contain, and which organisms have them?

Answer 12

All members of Cnidaria phylum have cnidocytes = stinging cells; contain nematocysts = stingers

Question 13

What is the symmetry and movement pattern of Echinoderms?

Answer 13

Bilateral symmetry as an embryo - revert to primitive radial symmetry as an adult; sessile or slow-moving

Question 14

What is the significance of the water vascular system and where is it found?

Answer 14

Found in Echinoderms; creates hydrostatic support for the tube feet, which are the locomotive structures

Question 15

What is the structure that most animals in the Mollusk phylum have?

Answer 15

Gills and nephridia

Question 16

How do Cnidarians digest nutrients?

Answer 16

Have a gastrovascular cavity where extracellular digestion occurs; carry out intracellular digestion in lysosomes in cells

Question 17

How many cell layers do Platyhelminthes have?

Answer 17

Three layers: ectoderm + endoderm + mesoderm

Question 18

What is the symmetry of Platyhelminthes?

Answer 18

Bilateral symmetry

Question 19

Describe the circulatory system of Mollusks?

Answer 19

Open circulatory system with blood-filled spaces called hemocoels/sinuses

Question 20

What phylum does C.elegans belong to and how is it used?

Answer 20

Belongs to Nematodes; used as an animal model in studying genes and embryonic development

Question 21

How do Echinoderms reproduce?

Answer 21

Sexually with external fertilization; Asexually by fragmentation and regeneration

Question 22

What are the characteristics of Arthropods?

Answer 22

Have jointed appendages, segmented nto head/thorax/abdomen, more sensory apparatus than annelids (allowing more speed and freedom of movement)

Question 23

What are Annelids?

Answer 23

Segmented worms with little sensory apparatus

Question 24

What do Annelids use to excrete what?

Answer 24

Use nephridia for excretion of nitrogenous waste - urea

Question 25

What is an example of an animal that belongs in the Chordata phylum?

Answer 25

Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

Question 26

What is the temperature characteristic of Chordates?

Answer 26

Birds and mammals are homeotherms, while all others (with the exception of some reptiles) are ectotherms

Question 27

What is the symmetry of Annelids?

Answer 27

Bilateral symmetry

Question 28

What is the body plan and system organization of Platyhelminthes?

Answer 28

Solid body with no room for true digestive + respiratory systems

Question 29

What are the body plans and movement patterns of Cnidarians?

Answer 29

Polyps (vase-shaped) are sessile; Medusas (upside-down bowl-shaped) are mostly motile

Question 30

How do Porifera animals digest nutrients?

Answer 30

Filter nutrients from water drawn into a central cavity

Question 31

What is the symmetry and movement pattern of Porifera?

Answer 31

No symmetry; Sessile

Question 32

What is an example of an animal that belongs to the Platyhelminthes phylum?

Answer 32

Flatworms + Tapeworms

Question 33

What does the digestive tract anatomy of Annelids?

Answer 33

Tube-within-a-tube consisting of crip, gizzard, and intestine

Question 34

What is the body structure of Mollusks?

Answer 34

Soft body often protected by a hard, calcium-containing shell

Question 35

How many cell layers do animals in Porifera phyla have?

Answer 35

Two layers: ectoderm + endoderm connected by mesoglea

Question 36

How do Platyhelminthes digest nutrients?

Answer 36

Have a digestive cavity that only has one opening for ingestion and egestion; food can't be processed continuously

Question 37

What is the symmetry of Nematodes?

Answer 37

Bilateral symmetry

Question 38

How do Annelids reproduce?

Answer 38

Sexually, are hermaphrodites

Question 39

What is an example of an animal that belongs to the Mollusks phylum?

Answer 39

Squids, Octopuses, Slugs, Clams, and Snails

Question 40

Describe the circulatory system of Arthropods?

Answer 40

Open circulatory system, tubular heart, hemocoels

Question 41

Describe the respiratory system of Arthropods?

Answer 41

Trachea brings air from the environment into hemocoels where gas exchange occurs

Question 42

What is a characteristic of cells of flatworms?

Answer 42

Their body is so flat and thin that their cells can exchange nutrients and wastes by diffusion with the environment

Question 43

Describe the body structure of Arthropods?

Answer 43

Have an exoskeleton made of chitin that protects the animal and aids in movement

Question 44

What is the symmetry of Cnidarians?

Answer 44

Radial symmetry

Question 45

What is an example of an animal that belongs to the Arthropods phylum?

Answer 45

Grasshopper, Shrimp, Crab, Spider

Question 46

How does gas exchange occur in Annelids?

Answer 46

Diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs through moist skin

Question 47

What is a characteristic of cells of organisms in Cnidaria phyla?

Answer 47

Each cell is in direct contact with the environment; no transport system in Cnidaria

Question 48

What is an example of an animal that belongs in the Echinoderms phylum?

Answer 48

Starfish and Sea Urchins

Question 49

What is an example of an animal that belongs in Nematodes phylum?

Answer 49

Trichinella + C.elegans

Question 50

How do Porifera phyla reproduce?

Answer 50

Asexually by fragmentation; sexually (are hermaphrodites)

Question 51

What is an example of an animal that belongs to Annelids phylum?

Answer 51

Earthworm + Leeches

Question 52

What do Arthropods use to excrete what?

Answer 52

Use malpighian tubules to excrete nitrogenous waste = uric acid

Question 53

What is the life cycle of Cnidarians?

Answer 53

Some go through a planula larva (free-swimming) phase then go through either asexually reproducing (polyp) or sexually reproducing (medusa)

Question 54

In which phylum do starfish belong to and what is their body plan?

Answer 54

Echinoderms; Have an endoskeleton consisting of calcium plates

Question 55

How many cell layers do animals in Cnidaria phyla have?

Answer 55

Two layers: ectoderm + endoderm connected by mesoglea

Question 56

From where did Porifera phyla evolve?

Answer 56

Colonial organisms

Question 57

What is an example of an animal that belongs to Porifera phylum?

Answer 57

Sponges

Question 58

What are Nematodes?

Answer 58

Unsegmented worms with little sensory apparatus