Phys 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
1
Q
Which part of the cerebral cortex develops a motor image of the total muscle movement that is to be performed? A. Primary motor cortex B. Supplemental motor cortex C. Premotor cortex D. Supplemental sensory cortex
A
C. Premotor cortex
2
Q
Which of the following inhibits secretion of insulin, glucagon, and gastrin; decreases motility of the stomach and duodenum, and decreases secretion and absorption of the GI tract? A. Glucokinase B. Carnitine C. Somatostatin D. Acetoacetic acids
A
C. Somatostatin
3
Q
The main hormone responsible for controlling feedback of the duodenum is A. CCK B. Chyme C. Motilin D. GIP
A
A. CCK
4
Q
Approximately what percent of the body’s calcium is stored in extracellular fluids? A. < 1 % B. 25% C. 50% D. >75%
A
A. <1%
5
Q
Significant reduction in ECF and blood volume, diminished cardiac output, and hyperkalemia are characteristic of lack of which of the following? A. Aldosterone B. Estrogen C. Cortisol D. DHEA
A
A. Aldosterone
6
Q
Surfactant is a lipoprotein essential to maintain alveolar function. In a healthy fetus, it is formed in the lungs at what time? A. 24 weeks B. 28 weeks C. 34 weeks D. 38 weeks
A
A. 24 weeks
7
Q
In typical sensory pathways, decussation occurs at what level? A. Primary (first order) neurons B. Secondary neurons C. Tertiary neurons D. None
A
B. Secondary neurons
8
Q
Which of the following cell types respond to rapid changes in the visual image? A. Bipolar cells B. Amacrine cells C. X type ganglion cells D. Y type ganglion cells E. Z type ganglion cells
A
D. Y type
9
Q
Control functions for muscle movements of the axial body, neck, shoulders, and hips is located in which of the following areas of the cerebellum? A. Vermis B. Intermediate zone C. Lateral zone D. Cerebrocerebellum
A
A. Vermis
10
Q
For each molecule of glucose that is hydrolyzed in glycolysis, what is the net gain in ATPs A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
A
A. 2
11
Q
Hypocalcemia usually becomes lethal at which of the following levels A. 12 mg/dL B. 9.5 mg/dL C. 6 mg/dL D. 4 mg/dL
A
D. 4
12
Q
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The liver has low blood flow and high vascular resistance
B. The liver has low blood flow and low vascular resistance
C. The liver has high blood flow and high vascular resistance
D. The liver has high blood flow and low vascular resistance
A
D. High and low
13
Q
Which of the following landmarks demarcates the sensory cortex from the motor cortex? A. Lateral sulcus B. Central sulcus C. Insula D. Angular gyrus
A
B. Central sulcus
14
Q
The thalamus is derived from which of the following brain divisions? A. Telencephalon B. Diencephalon C. Mesencephalon D. Metencephalon E. Myelencephalon
A
B. Diencephalon
15
Q
Sensory info entering the central nervous system typically decussates at some point in the spinal cord or brain. For visual info, this decussation occurs in the optic chiasma. How much decussation occurs in the optic chiasma? A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100%
A
B. 50%
16
Q
The output from the cerebellar cortex is from which of the following types of neurons? A. Golgi type 1 B. Purkinje C. Stellate D. Basket
A
B. Purkinje
17
Q
A higher than normal back pressure in hepatic veins may lead to A. Jaundice B. Cirrhosis C. Ascites D. Diabetes
A
C. Ascites
18
Q
Fructose, which provides energy for sperm, is secreted by? A. Seminal vesicles B. Prostate gland C. Cells of Leydig D. Sertoli cells
A
A. Seminal vesicles
19
Q
During the menstrual cycle, the early growth of a follicle is primarily stimulated by which of the following? A. LH B. FSH C. Estrogen D. Progesterone
A
B. FSH
20
Q
A sharp surge in which of the following hormones precedes ovulation by about 24 hours? A. LH B. FSH C. Estrogen D. Progesterone
A
A. LH
21
Q
The human central nervous system develops from a midline tube. The cranial end of the tube is formed into five subdivisions arranged in a linear space. The cerebellum of the adult brain is derived from which subdivision? A. Metencephalon B. Diencephalon C. Telencephalon D. Myelencephalon
A
A. Metencephalon
22
Q
The cerebral cortex is divided into many areas with specific sets of functions. Which of the following areas would have direct connections with specific muscles? A. Primary motor areas B. Secondary motor areas C. Primary sensory areas D. Secondary sensory areas
A
A. Primary motor areas
23
Q
Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are types of tonic receptors. Which of the following characteristics applies to tonic receptors?
A. Rapidly adapting
B. Transmit info regarding rate of change
C. Stimulated only when stimulus strength changes
D. Detects continuous stimulus strength
A
D. Detects continuous stimulus strength
24
Q
When hair cell stereocilia are bent, a tugging on the shorter stereocilia occurs such that ion channels open allowing which the following to enter the hair cells? A. Potassium B. Sodium C. Chloride D. Calcium
A
A. Potassium
25
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Which of the following is part of the pyramidal system of motor pathways?
A. Rubrospinal
B. Vestibulospinal
C. Corticospinal
D. Reticulospinal
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C. Corticospinal
26
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Coordination of skilled movement and speech is primarily associated with which of the following divisions of the cerebellum?
A. Vestibulocerebellum
B. Spinocerebellum
C. Cerebrocerebellum
D. Vermis
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C. Cerebrocerebellum
27
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Which of the following is secreted by duodenal and upper jejunal cells in response to the presence of acidic foods in the upper intestine? It stimulates the release of large amounts of pancreatic sodium bicarbonate and inhibits gastric acid secretion.
A. Secretin
B. CCK
C. Gastrin
D. Motilin
```
A. Secretin
28
The gastrocolic reflex, enterogastric reflex, and colonoileal reflex are examples of which of the following categories of gastrointestinal reflexes?
A. Reflexes that integrated entirely within the gut wall enteric nervous system
B. Reflexes from the gut to the prevertebral sympathetic ganglia and then back to the GI tract
C. Reflexes from the gut to the spinal cord or brain stem and then back to the GI tract
D. None
B. Reflexes from the gut to the prevertebral sympathetic ganglia and then back to the GI tract
29
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Which of the following areas of the brain is normally inhibited by signals from the heat center but is activated by cold signals from the skin and spinal cord and is responsible for the activation of shivering response?
A. Anterior hypothalamus
B. Preoptic area
C. Posterior hypothalamus
D. Thalamus
```
C. Posterior hypothalamus
30
A person on serotonin reuptake inhibitors may experience decreased GI motility. The reason for this is primarily due to which of the following reasons?
A. Secretory neurons of the submucosal plexus utilize serotonin as a neurotransmitter
B. Motor neurons of the myenteric plexus utilize serotonin as a neurotransmitter
C. Interneurons of the myenteric plexus utilize serotonin as a neurotransmitter
D. Sensory neurons of the submucosal plexus utilize serotonin as a neurotransmitter
C. Interneurons of the myenteric plexus utilize serotonin as a neurotransmitter
