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Phys Dx Neuro > Phys Dx Neuro > Flashcards

Phys Dx Neuro Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Motor Planning, judgement, mood, behavior

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2
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Sensation

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3
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory, Memory, Taste, Smell

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4
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual processing

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5
Q

Thalamus

A

relays visual, auditory and sonsory ( no motor)

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6
Q

Homonculus

A

Large area of brain controls hand and face

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7
Q

Extrapyramidal Areas:

A

Globus Pallidus, putamen, caudate

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8
Q

Brainstem parts and what it controls/contains

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

Contains cranial nerves, upper and lower motor tracts, cardio/respiratory centers

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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordinates voluntary movement, equilibrium, balance

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10
Q

CNS spans this part of vertebrae

injury above this area is not compatible with life

A

C1 - T12/L1

C5

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11
Q

Transmission of Motor info from CNS

A

Coritcospinal tracts! - voluntary movements! tracts extend from precentral gyrus and cross at medulla and descend ipsalaterally - MOTOR INJURY MANIFESTS ON OPPOSITE SIDE
extrapyramidal
cerebellar

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12
Q

Transmission of Sensory info to CNS

A

spinothalmic tracts- carry light touch, pain , temp

posterior (dorsal) columns - vibration, proprioception, discriminitive touch - RHOMBERG TEST

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13
Q

Myelopathy Characteristics

and how to examine for them

A 
increased tone (spasticity)
stiff man gait
elevated reflexes
proprioceptive changes
positive Rhomberg
Exam: Rhombeg, gait, reflexes, and tone
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14
Q

Trigeminal Nerve (V) Controls…

A

Taste, sensation

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15
Q

Facial Nerve (VII) controls…

A

muscles of the face, some taste

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16
Q

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

A

soft palatte

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17
Q

Vagus controls

A

voice, swallowing

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18
Q

Hypoglossal (XII)

A

tongue movement

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19
Q

Myopathy

A

Disease of muscle

muscle diseases have proximal distribution

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20
Q

NMJ Disease

A

characterized by proximal weakness improved with rest

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21
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A

derived from nerve roots that enter plexi

use pin prick, vibration, light touch, proprioception and muscle strength to test

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22
Q

Brachial Plexus - where it is, what it contains, what it does

A

exit cervical spine C5-C8, located below the clavicles and innervates UE

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23
Q

Lumbosacral Plexus - where it is, what it contains, what it does

A

L3-S1, located in pelvis and innervates LE

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24
Q

Plexopathy

A

compression or infiltration of plexus

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25
Radiculopathy
disease of root - compression or mechanical cause
26
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs: Cervical 8, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5, Sacral 5, Coccygeal 1
27
Biceps Reflex Nerve
C5-6
28
Triceps Reflex Nerve
C7-8
29
Patellar Reflex Nerve
L3-4
30
Achilles Reflex Nerve
S1-2
31
Sciatica
See slides 35-36 images in normal neuro
32
Mental Status Exam
Behavior (grooming, dress, mood affect), A/O x 3 (name, time, date, location, situation), LOC (alert, lethargic, stuporous, comatose, responsive vs. non-responsive), Attention Span/calculation - spell WORLD backwards or calculate 7's, Memory (recall 3 words) - begins when you meet pt - Use point system, less than 24 = dementia
33
Mental Status "JOMAC"
judgement, orientation, memory, affect, cognition
34
Pronator Drift
pt stands with arms outstretch supinated 20-30 seconds | positive test: contralateral UMN lesion - if pronates and drops arm
35
Rhomberg Test
tests dorsal column function - PROPRIOCEPTION | loss of balance is positive
36
Important Dermatomal Landmarks: | C6, C7, C8, T4, T10, L3, L4, L5, S1
``` c6 - thumb c7- middle finger c8 - pinky t4- nipple t10 - umbilicus L3 - anterior thigh l4 - shin L5 - dorsum of foot S1 - bottom of foot ```
37
Vibration Specialized Exam: what does it test for
Good for diabetic neuropathy | tuning fork on bony prominence
38
Proprioception Specialized Exam
Hold fingers on either side of finger joint - move upward and downward - ask pt to tell you what direction you're moving in repeat with great toe
39
2 Point Discrimination Specialized Exam
tests cortical sensory Move two pins together until pt can only appreciate one point Normal finger: 2mm palms: 8-12mm
40
Stereognosis Specialized Exam
tests cortical sensory | put object in pt's hand and ask what it is
41
Graphesthesia Specialized Exam
Draw number oriented to patient on palm or dorsum of foot and ask pt to identify
42
Extinction/Tactile Localization Specialized Exam
simultaneously touch separate sides of the body and ask what was felt
43
Reflex Dance
12, 34, 56, 78: achilles, patella, biceps, triceps
44
Reflex Scale
``` 0 No response 1 diminished 2 normal 3 increased 4 Hyperactive ```
45
Clonus
hyperactivity of reflexes back and forth plantar/dorsiflexion of foot with stimulation to test, plantar and dorsi severval times then forcefully dorsiflex foot and check for beats
46
Reflex Biceps
tap biceps tendon, flexion of forearm C5, 6
47
Reflex Brachioradialis
tap 1-2 inches about lateral wrist - flexion and supination of forearm, C5-6
48
Reflex Patella
tap patellar tendon - knee jerk/extension L3.4
49
Reflex Triceps
tap triceps tendon superior to olecranon, forearm extension - C7,8
50
Reflex Achilles
tap achilles to elicit extension/plantar flexion of foot L1,2
51
if having difficulty assessing reflexes try...
UE: gritting teeth LE: isometric, lock fists and pull apart (Jendrassik maneuver)
52
Babinski Reflex and abnormal result
strok lateral aspect of plantar foot and then across ball of foot ABNORMAL RESULT: dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of other toes
53
Finger to Nose tests
cerebellar function
54
Heel to Shin tests
cerebellar function
55
RAMs
cerebellar function
56
dysdiadokinesia
inability to do RAMs - slow but regular think cerebral dysfunction or fast but irrecgular think crebellar dysfunction
57
Heel Walk
tests L5
58
Toe Walk
tests S1
59
kernig's sign
supine. flex knee and hip. extend leg. positive if lower back pain
60
brudzinski's
supine. flex pt's neck passively toward chest - involuntary flexion of knee or hips is positive
61
Mood
internal emotional tone of pt
62
dysphoric
unhappy, depressed
63
euphoric
elated, exagerrated well being
64
Affect
external range of expression, objective assessment of pt's mood
65
Blunted affect
moderately reduced range of affect
66
flat affect
absent affect
67
labile
multiple abrupt changes in affect
68
lethargy
sleepy, but will open eyes to verbal stimuli
69
obtundation
harder to arouse w/ verbal stimuli - need to shake | delayed responses, decreased interest in environment
70
stupor
not responsive w/out painful stimuli
71
coma
not responsive to verbal or painful stimuli
72
dysarthria
problem with motor speech or articulation
73
dysphonia
weak, breathy voice

Phys Dx Neuro (2 decks)

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