Phys Lecture..just the essentials! Flashcards
(23 cards)
Amines (epinepherine, dopamine, T3, T4)
Peptide and protein hormones (insulin, glucagon, hypoathalmus, and pituitary hormones)
what classification of hormones?
Amino acid hormones
Steroid hormones (aldosterone, cortisol, estradiol, testosterone)
what hormone classification?
Cholesterol hormones
2 main classifications of hormones?
Amino acid hormones
Cholesterol hormones
Polar, water soluble molecules
bind to plasma membrane receptors
which type of hormones?
Amino acid hormones
(ie epinepherine, dopamine, T3, T4, glucagon, insulin, etc)
Non polar, lipid soluble molecules
Pass through membranes, bind to intracellular receptors
which type of hormones?
Cholesterol hormones
(ie aldosterone, cortisol, estradiol, etc)
Cell membrane receptors
alter existing proteins in target cells
**FAST ACTING, SHORT DURATION EFFECTS
Amino acid derived hormones
Intracellular receptors
synthesis of new proteins
**SLOW ACTING, LONG LASTING EFFECTS
Steroid (cholesterol) hormones
up regulation…
cells make more receptors
down regulation…
cells make fewer receptors
- can be destroyed by enzymes at receptor sites (ie epinepherine)
- can be taken up by cells and destroyed (ie peptide hormones)
- can be destroyed in liver and excreted as bile (steroid hormones, T3 T4)
Types of hormone degradation
Monitors the state of the body:
Temperature
Blood osmolarity
Blood nutrients
Inflammatory mediators in blood
Emotions
Pain
Blood hormone levels (feedback mechanism)
Regulates secretions of the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
______ _______ secretion stimulated by:
hypoglycemia
fasting
starvation
stress
Growth Hormone (GH)
(GH inhibited by: increased glucose, free fatty acid release, obesity, cortisol)
Somatostatin inhibits….
the anterior pituitary
usually due to GH-secreting adenomas, causing excess IGF-1
before puberty…?
after puberty…?
Before= gigantism
After= acromegaly
Excessive long bone growth
Gigantism
Exaggerated growth of extremities
Disorders of metabolism –> GH induced insulin resistance –> DIABETES
Acromegaly
Thyroid (parafollicular) C cells release…
Calcitonin (which decreases blood Ca levels!)
Follicular cells release…
Thyroid hormone (T3, T4)
______ (T3 or T4) stimulates metabolism
T3
true or false…
T4 is inactive until converted into T3 in tissues
True
TSH-receptor antibodies are found in…
Graves disease
(these antibodies stimulate excess T3 and T4)
Increases:
Catabolism of fat and muscle tissues
Free fatty acids and their use for energy
Gluconeogenesis (liver)
Blood glucose level
SNS response
Decreases:
The immune and inflammatory systems
Cortisol
True or false…
TB can cause primary adrenal insufficiency (Addisons)
True
