Physical activity and SKM

Question 1

What is the calcium binding regulatory protein for smooth muscle?

Answer 1

Calmodulin
Neuroeffector : Varicosities

Question 2

What is the calcium binding regulatory protein for skeletal muscle?

Answer 2

Troponin
Neuroeffector : NMJ

Question 3

What is the calcium binding regulatory protein for cardiac muscle?

Answer 3

Troponin
Neuroeffector : NMJ

Question 4

What are anabolism and catabolism?

Answer 4

• constant metabolic processes respsonsible for bodily growth and repair
• • catabolic exercises e.g. running and swimming - break muscle down
• anabolic exercises - strength training, build up muscle

Question 5

What is the size principle?

Answer 5

• A greater force is required, the nervous system will stimulate more motor units and motor units with larger fibres and larger numbers of fibres to acheive the desired strength of contraction

Question 6

How can the force generated by a contracting muscle be increased?

Answer 6

• Recruiting additional Motor Units
• Motor firing rate
• measured in Hertz (times/sec)

Question 7

What is an isotonic movement?

Answer 7

Same tension, change in length

Eccentric : muscle lengthens
Concentric: muscle shortens

Question 8

What is cardiac muscle?

Answer 8

• Found in heart
• Autorhythymic
• Controlled involuntarily by endocrine and autonomic nervous systems

Question 9

What is SKM responsible for ?

Answer 9

• Locomotion
• Facial expressions
• Posture
• Resp movements + other movements
• Glucose disposal
• controlled by somatic motor neurons (voluntary)

Question 10

What is smooth muscle controlled by?

Answer 10

• Controlled involuntarily by endocrine and autonomic nervous systems

Question 11

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 11

• Same length , changing tension

Question 12

What happens when resistance exercise activates mTOR?

Answer 12

• Regulates muscle hypertrophy
  mTOR (TORC 1&2) - protein translation initiation- MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY

mechanical load/ stress TO mTOR = muscle protein synthesis = bigger fibres

Question 13

How does endurance exercise lead to mitochondrial biogenesis?

Answer 13

PGC-1alpha- mitochondrial protein transcription
- Oxidative phosphorylation (ATP ptoduction)
- Fibre type conversion

Question 14

How many bouts of resistance exercise activates mTOR?

Answer 14

• One

Question 15

Is resistance training anabolic or catabolic?

Answer 15

• Catbolic on its own
• Anabolic with other factors
• MPS = MPB (synthesis and breakdown)

Question 16

What else is required for muscle contraction and adaption to exercise?

Answer 16

• Rest
• Strength changes
• Neural adapatation
• Muscle mass