Physical activity demands and Energy Expenditure Flashcards
(44 cards)
What two constructs should be considered when thinking about health?
The range of conditions that can be tolerated and the ability to adapt/cope when those ranges are exceeded.
What three things should you know regarding health-related components?
Describe different types/subtypes, how to measure/assess components, and identify health risks from deterioration.
What are examples of performance-related components?
Agility, reaction time, and balance.
How do aerobic and anaerobic activities relate to metabolic energetics?
Aerobic activities require oxygen, while anaerobic activities do not require oxygen directly to survive
How can flexibility be assessed?
Through flexometers, bodyometers or the sit-and-reach test
What is active insufficiency?
When a multi-joint muscle is so short it can no longer generate active tension or it limits range of motion/voluntary tension
keep the actions of the muscle the same!
What is passive insufficiency?
When a multi-joint muscle is too long and restricts range of motion.
reverse the actions of the muscle!
How can the biceps brachii be put in a position of passive insufficiency?
By reversing its actions: shoulder extension, elbow extension, and forearm pronation
How is muscular strength assessed?
By 1 repetition max.
What are the two ways to define muscular endurance?
The ability to sustain an isometric contraction for an extended period and the ability to repeat submaximal contractions
How are individuals classified based on their average daily energy expenditure in Leisure Time Physical Activities (LTPA)?
◦ Sedentary: 0 kcal/kg/day
◦ Inactive: less than 1.5 kcal/kg/day
◦ Moderately Active: 1.5 to less than 3 kcal/kg/day
◦ Active: 3 or more kcal/kg/day
What are general guidelines for estimating physical activity expenditure (absolute)?
◦ Low intensity: 2-4 kcal/min
◦ Moderate intensity: 4-7 kcal/min
◦ Vigorous intensity: 7-9 kcal/min
*Assuming normative data for a (~70kg) human
What are general guidelines for estimating physical activity expenditure (relative)?
Low intensity: 2-3 kcal/kg/hour, Moderate intensity: 4-5 kcal/kg/hour, Vigorous intensity: 6-7+ kcal/kg/hour (assuming active/healthy adult at or near normative anthropometrics)
What is the equation for Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)?
TDEE = Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) + Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) + Energy Expenditure of Activity (EEA)
What are the types of Energy Expenditure of Activity (EEA)?
Exercise, Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC), Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA), Locomotion, Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT), Occupational, Activities of Daily Living (ADL).
What is the estimated Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
~ 10% of caloric intake
What is Allostasis?
A physiological mechanism of regulation in which an organism anticipates and adjusts its energy use according to environmental demands.
- Allows individuals to maintain homeostasis when dealing with externally changing conditions
What is exercise?
A type of physical activity with the goal of improving, maintaining, or sustaining health or fitness
What is aerobic power?
The ability to intake, transport, utilize, and extract oxygen. It can be measured in liters of oxygen per kilogram per minute
How is aerobic power assessed?
Through a VO2 max test or a field test like the Cooper 12-minute run
What is aerobic capacity?
How long you can sustain your aerobic activity at a given intensity
What is anaerobic power?
The rate of muscular work that can be performed.
How is anaerobic power assessed?
Through Wingate tests for example
What are the two compartment and three compartment models of body composition?
Two-compartment: fat mass and fat-free mass. Three compartment: fat mass, fat-free mass, and bone mineral density.
