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2) E&I 2 > Physical Agents > Flashcards

Physical Agents Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ultrasound used for?

A

Heating up small areas w/collagen & stimulate healing

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2
Q

What are all of the indications for ultrasound?

A
  • ST shortening
  • Tendon/Ligament Injuries
  • Pain
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
  • Dermal ulcers/plantar warts
  • Fx
  • Inflammation
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3
Q

What are the params for ultrasound?

A
  • Acute–>Non-thermal, Pulsed 20% Duty Cycle, 3MHz, .5W/cm^2, 3-10min
    • Also used for phonophoresis
  • Chronic–>Thermal, Continuous 100% Duty Cycle, 1Mhz, 1.5W/cm^2, 5-10 min
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4
Q

What are the contraindications for ultrasound?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • CA
  • Pacemaker
  • Thrombophlebitis
  • Plastic implants
  • Eyes & balls
  • Epiphyseal plates
  • Fx
  • Breast implants
  • Jt cement
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5
Q

How does ultrasound work (in layman’s terms)?

A

Bubbles move back & forth, which allows certain molecules into cells easier, which incr blood flow so it speeds up healing

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6
Q

What is diathermy used for?

A

Heating large areas & peripheral nerve regeneration

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7
Q

What are all the indications for diathermy?

A
  • Decr collagen extensibility
  • Jt stiffness
  • Muscle guarding
  • DJD
  • Bursitis
  • Peripheral nerve regeneration
  • Uneven tx area
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8
Q

What are the params for diathermy?

A
  • Frequency=27.12MHz
  • Wavelength=11nm
  • Thermal=15-20min
  • Non-thermal (pulsed)=30-60min

​*1st Dose=No sensation of heat

*2nd Dose=Mild heat

*3rd Dose=Comfortable heat

*4th Dose=Vigorous heat below pain threshold

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9
Q

What are the contraindications for diathermy?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • CA
  • Pacemaker
  • Thrombophlebitis
  • Hemorrhage
  • Metal Implants
  • Eyes & balls (all organs)
  • Epiphyseal plates
  • Impaired sensation & mentation
  • Obesity
  • Near magnetic/electronic equipment
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10
Q

How does diathermy work (in layman’s terms)

A

Sends currents through tissues, which causes molecules to move around & they collide & give off heat

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11
Q

What is hydrotherapy used for?

A

Superficial heating or cooling w/movement

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12
Q

What are all the indications for hydrotherapy?

A
  • Superficial heating or cooling
  • Wound care
  • Edema control
  • Pain management
  • Water exercise (not aquatic therapy)
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13
Q

What are the params for hydrotherapy?

A

32-79°=Inflammation & Edema

79-92°=Exercise

92-96°=Tone, circulation, & sensation

96-98°=Burns

99-104°=ST Extensibility & Pain

104°-114°=Same + Arthritis

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14
Q

What are the contraindications for hydrotherapy?

A
  • Bleeding
  • Impaired sensation & mentation
  • Recent skin grafts
  • Hydrophobia
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15
Q

What temperature would you use to do hydrotherapy to address inflammation & edema?

A

32-79°

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16
Q

What temperature would you use to do hydrotherapy for exercise?

A

79-92°

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17
Q

What temperature would you use to do hydrotherapy to address tone, circulation, & sensation?

A

92-96°

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18
Q

What temperature would you use to do hydrotherapy to tx a burn?

A

96-98°

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19
Q

What temperature would you use to do hydrotherapy to address ST extensibility & pain?

A

99-104°

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20
Q

What temperature would you use to do hydrotherapy to address ST extensibility, pain, & OA

A

104-114°

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21
Q

What are the params for cyrotherapy?

A
  • Inflammation=15-20min
  • Edema=15min w/compression
  • Pain=10-15min
  • Spasm=5min (DTR); 10-30min (Clonus)
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22
Q

What are the params for TENS?

A

*Chronic=Low rate, 50-80usec, 100-150pps, 20-30min *Acute & Repetitive Strain=Conventional, 200-300usec, 2-10pps, Unlimited time

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23
Q

What are the params for NMES?

A

Strengthening

  • Pulsed
  • 150-300usec,
  • Duty Cycle=1:5-3
  • Frequency=50-80pps,
  • Time=10-20 contractions

Spasm, Edema, & DVT

  • Duty Cycle=1:1
  • Frequency=20-80pps
  • Time=10-30min

Russian

  • Duty Cycle=1:5
  • 2,500Hz AC w/50bursts in 10ms,
  • Time=10 min
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24
Q

What are the params for IFC?

A
  • Frequency=3,000-5,000Hz
  • Beat Frequency:
    • Pain=80-150pps
    • Muscle=10-100pps
    • Edema=1-10pps
  • Time:
    • Acute=5-10min
    • Chronic=20-30min
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25
What are the params for high volt?
Infection/Inflammation + Proliferation: \*Polarity=(-)/(+) \*Pulse Frequency=60-125pps \*Pulse Duration=Preset @40-100us \*Amplitude=Comfy Tingling \*Tx Time=40-60min Edema: \*Polarity=(-) \*Pulse Frequency=100-120pps \*Pulse Duration=Fixed @40-100us \*Amplitude=Comfortable Sensory \*Tx Time=20-30min Edema from lack of muscle contraction: \*Pulse Frequency=100-120pps \*Pulse Duration=Fixed @150-300us \*Amplitude=Small visible muscle contractions \*Tx Time=20-30min On/Off Time=1/2:1/2
26
What are the params for heat pack?
158-167°, up to 20 min
27
What are the params for parafin?
126-134° Continuous=1 coat, immerse Dip-Wrap=6-10 dips, wrap in plastic Paint=Brush 6-10 times, wrap in towel
28
What are the contraindications for cryotherapy?
\*Open wound \*Impaired sensation/mentation \*Very young/very old \*Cold allergy/hypersensitivity \*Circulatory compromise \*HTN \*Superficial main nerve branches \*Regenerating peripheral nerves \*Raynaud's \*Cryoglobulinemia \*Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobulinuria
29
What are the contraindications for TENS?
* Pregnant * CA * Pacemaker/Defibrillator * Thrombophlebitis * Hemorrhage * Metal Implants * Eyes & balls * Epiphyseal plates * Impaired sensation & mentation * Cardiac conditions * **Open wounds** * **Carotid Sinus** * **Cranial, cervical, & thoracic regions (Ant)** * **Mucous membranes** * **Undx'ed pain**
30
What are the contraindications for IFC?
* Pregnancy * CA * Electronic & metal implants * Thrombosis * Hemorrhage * Impaired mentation * **Cranial & thoracic regions** * **Severe cardiopathy** * **Fragile skin** * **Hairy areas** * **When AROM is contraindicated** * **Near diathermy**
31
What are the contraindications for NMES?
* Pregnancy * CA * Pacemaker * Thrombosis * Arrhythmia * Cardiac disease * Impaired sensation & mentation * Open wound * Over carotid sinus * **Tendinitis** * **DOMS**
32
What are the contraindications for high volt?
\*Usual areas during pregnancy \*Thrombosis/Thrombophlebitis \*Pacemaker \*Unstable arrhythmias \*Over the carotid sinus & cervical area
33
What is high volt used for?
Edema & inflammation (think wound care)
34
What is superficial heat used for?
To loosen tight/stiff tissues & pain relief
35
What is iontophoresis used for?
Delivers meds for inflammation & pain relief through the skin
36
What are all the indications for iontophoresis?
\*Pain \*Inflammation \*Muscle spasm \*Scar tissue \*Keloids \*Wounds \*Ca2+ deposits \*Fungal infection \*Hyperhidrosis \*Myositis ossificans \*Plantar warts \*Ischemia
37
What are the params for iontophoresis?
\*Current type/Waveform=DC \*Amplitude=To pt tol, but \<4mA \*Dosage=40-120mA/min \*Tx Time=Calculated by machine \*Polarity=Same as drug \*Electrode Placement=Active on inflammed area, dispersive on remote area \*Pulse frequency & duration are N/A
38
What are the contraindications for iontophoresis?
\*CA \*Cardiac disease \*Metal in/near tx area \*Impaired sensation or mentation \*Skin irritation/open wounds \*Drug allergies \*Sensitive skin to specific ions \*Tattoos
39
How does iontophoresis work (in layman's terms)?
Uses electrical currents to change the permeability of skin so more ions can penetrate it & enter the body
40
What are all the indications for TENS?
* Pain * Arthritis * Ankylosing spondylitis
41
What is TENS used for?
Pain relief
42
What are all the indications for NMES?
* Strengthen type 2 muscle fibers * Slow/prevent atrophy * Muscle re-ed * Restore fxnl ability * Stim calves to prevent DVT * Incr venous return via muscle pumping
43
What is NMES used for?
To create a muscle contraction for one reason or another
44
What are all the indications for high volt?
Infected wound Wound healing Inflammation Edema bc or inflammation or lack of muscle contraction
45
What is IFC used for?
Weakness, pain, edema, & inflammation
46
What are all the indications for IFC?
* Back pain Sprains & strains * Arthritis * DJD * Neuralgia * Shingles * RSD * Interstitial cystitis
47
What is laser used for?
Stims ATP production & thus incr rate of healing
48
What are all the indications for laser?
* St & bone healing * Arthritis * Lymphedema * Pain management * Neuro conditions
49
What are the params for laser?
\*
50
What are the contraindications for laser?
* Pregnant * CA * Hemorrhage * Eyes * Epiphyseal plates * Impaired sensation & mentation * **Endocrine glands** * **Light sensitivity** * **4-6mo post-radiation therapy**
51
What are the contraindications for general electrotherapy?
* Pregnancy * CA * Pacemaker * Thrombosis * Impaired sensation & mentation * Cardiac disease * Unstable arrhythmia * Skin irritation/Open wound * Over carotid sinus
52
What are the indications for general electrotherapy?
* Pain relief * Labor & * Delivery Incontinence * Muscle spasm * Spasticity/Hypertonia * Muscle Re-ed * Disuse Atrophy * Shoulder subluxation * Edema reduction * Jt effusion * Incr ROM * Fx * Wound Healing
53
What is electrotherapy used for?
Strengthen & relax muscles Pain relief Improve circulation Facilitate wound healing
54
What is cryotherapy used for?
Inflammation, edema, pain
55
What are all the indications for cryotherapy?
Inflammation Pain Bursitis Tendinopathy Abn muscle tone Muscle spasm MSK trauma Trigger points
56
What are the params for cryotherapy?
Inflammation=15-20min Edema=15min w/compression Pain=10-15min Spasm=5min(DTR); 10-30min (Clonus)
57
What are the contraindications for superficial heat?
Pregnancy CA Thrombosis Hemorrhage Eyes Impaired sensation & mentation Circulatory compromise Cardiac insufficiency Metal implants & jewlery Open & closed wounds Demyelinated nerves Systemic infection Skin grafts Acute inflammation Topical drugs
58
What is EMG biofeedback used for?
To assist pt's w/strengthening
59
What are all the indications for EMG biofeedback?
* Muscle strengthening * Muscle re-ed * Tell pt to use the right muscle(s) * Muscle spasm Incontinence * HA/Stress/Relaxation
60
What are the contraindications for EMG biofeedback?
* **Contraindicated muscle contractions** * **Contraindicated monitoring of physiological fxn**
61
What are the params for EMG biofeedback?
Surface electrode goes over the clinical motor point & the other is 1-5cm away
62
True or False: Laser can be used on pt's w/metal implants & pacemakers.
True

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