Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NPTE Biophysical Agents > Physical Agents > Flashcards

Physical Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Conduction

A

Heat transfer from a warmer object to a cooler object by means of direct molecular interaction of objects in physical contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Conductive modalities

A

Hot pack

Paraffin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Convection

A

Heat transfer by movement of air or fluid from a warmer area to a cooler area or moving past a cooler body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Convection modalities

A

whirlpool

fluidotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Radiation

A

transfer of heat from a warmer object to a cooler object by means of transmission of electromagnetic energy without heating of an intervening medium
Infrared waves absorbed by a cooler body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Radiation modality

A

infrared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Impact of general heat application - what increases

A 
CO
Metabolic rate
Pulse rate
RR
VD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Impact of general heat application - what decreases

A 
BP
mm activity
Blood to internal organs
Blood to resting mm 
SV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Precautions with superficial thermotherapy

A 
Cardiac insufficiency 
Edema
Impaired circulation
Impaired thermal regulation
Metal in tx site
Pregnancy 
Demyelinated nerves
Open wounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contraindications with superficial thermotherapy

A 
Acute and early subacute traumatic and inflammatory conditions
Dec circulation
Dec sensation
Deep vein thrombophlebitis 
Impaired cog function
Malignant tumors 
Very young and very old
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Superficial heating physical agents

A 
Hot pack
Paraffin bath
Fluidotherapy
Infrared
Hydrotherapy 
Nonimmersion irrigation device
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - hot pack

A

A canvas pack filled with silica gel, heated by immersion in water between 165 and 170 F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - hot pack - method of head transmission

A

conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - hot pack - the hot pack will reach peak heat when

A

5 minutes - so check skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - hot pack - treatment duration

A

usually 20-30 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - paraffin

A

therapeutic application of liquid paraffin to a body part for the transmission of heat
Thermostatically controlled unit that contains a paraffin wax and mineral oil mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - Paraffin - method of transmission

A

conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - paraffin treatment time

A

generally 15-20 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - paraffin indications

A

Painful joints

joint stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - paraffin contraindications

A

allergic rash
open wounds
recent scars or sutures
skin infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - hydrotherapy

A

whirlpool - partial or total immersion baths in which water is agitated and mixed with air to be directed against or around the affected part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - hydrotherapy - method of transmission

A

convection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - hydrotherapy treatment time

A

20 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Superficial heating physical agents - hydrotherapy - indications

A

subacute and chronic musculoskeletal conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Superficial heating physical agents - hydrotherapy contraindications
NOT FOR WOUND MANAGEMENT
26
Superficial heating physical agents - non immersion irrigation device is what
small hand held electric water pump that produces water jet to create a shearing force to loosen tissue debris
27
Superficial heating physical agents - non immersion irrigation device - treatment time
5 to 15 min once a day
28
Cryotherapy - Abstraction
The removal of heat by means of conduction or evaporation
29
Cryotherapy - conduction
transfer of heat from a warmer object to a cooler object by means of direct molecular interaction o fobjects in physical contact
30
Cryotherapy - conduction modalities
cold pack ice pack ice massage cold bath
31
Phys effects of general cold application - what dec
metabolic rate pulse rate RR venous BP
32
Phys effects of general cold application - what inc
Blood flow to internal organs CO SV Arterial BP
33
Cryotherapy - evaporation
Highly volatile liquids that evaporate rapidly on contact with warm object
34
Cryotherapy - evaporation modalities
vapocoolant spray
35
Contraindications with cryotherapy
``` cold hypersensitivity cold intolerance cryoglobulinemia PVD Impaired temp sensation Raynauds Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria over regenerating peripheral nerves ```
36
Cryotherapy procedures
``` Cold packs Ice packs Ice massage Vapocoolant spray Contrast baths ```
37
Cryotherapy - cold packs
vinyl casting filled with silica gel or sand slurry mixture | Packs maintained in unit at 0-10F
38
Cryotherapy - cold packs - treatment time
10 to 20 min
39
Cryotherapy - ice packs
crushed ice folded in moist towel or placed in plastic bag covered by moist towel
40
Cryotherapy - ice packs treatment time
10-20 minutes
41
Cryotherapy - cold and ice packs - method of tranmission
conduction
42
Cryotherapy - ice massage
ice cylinder formed by freezing water in a paper or styrofoam cup salt can be added to create a colder slush mixture
43
Cryotherapy - ice massage - pt will experience what sequence of feelings
Cold Burning Aching Numbness
44
Cryotherapy - ice massage treatment time
5-10 minutes or until analgesia occurs
45
Cryotherapy - ice massage - DO NOT
go over superficial nerve or bone
46
Cryotherapy - vapocoolant spray
A nontoxic, noninflammable volatile liquid that produces rapid cooling when a fine spray is applied to the skin
47
Cryotherapy - vapocoolant spray - used primarily for what
to reduce mm spasm | desensitize trigger points
48
Cryotherapy vapocoolant spray application
spray at 30 degree angle let evaporate before next sweep mm should be passively stretching during application have pt perform active exercise after
49
Cryotherapy vapocoolant spray treatment time
10-15 min
50
Cryotherapy - contrast bath
the alternating immersion of a body part in warm and cold water to produce vascular exercise through active VD and VC of BVs
51
Cryotherapy - contrast bath - application
Usually start in warm to hot (100-111F) Warm water for 4 min and then cold (55-65F) for 1 min Continue like this and end in warm
52
Cryotherapy - contrast bath - tx time
20 to 30 min
53
Cryotherapy - contrast bath indications
anything requiring stimulation of peripheral circulation
54
Cryotherapy - contrast baths - contraindications
advanced arteriosclerosis arterial insufficiency loss of sensation to heat and cold
55
US - Spatial average intensity
the total power divided by the area of the transducer head | this is usually what is documented
56
US - beam nonuniformity ratio
the ratio of spatial peak intensity to spatial average intensity lower the BNR, the more uniform the energy distribution and the less risk of tissue damage BNR should be between 2:1 and 6:1 (ideal 1:1 is not feasible)
57
US - continuous vs. pulsed
continued will give thermal effects | pulsed when nonthermal effects are desired
58
US - duty cycle
the fraction of time the US energy is on over one pulse period Duty cycle of less than 50% is considered pulsed Continuous is 100%
59
US - temporal peak intensity
the peak intensity of US during the on time phase of the pulse period
60
US - temporal average intensity
the US power avg over one pulse period
61
US - attenuation
the reduction of acoustical energy as it passes through soft tissue
62
US - absorption is highest where
in tissues with high collagen and protein content | mm, tendons, ligaments, capsules
63
US - depth of penetration
3-5 cm at 3MHz greater heat production in superficial layers caused by greater attenuation of sound waves ex - TMJ
64
US - Effects of US - Thermal
Produced by continuous sound energy of sufficient intensity | Range from 0.5-3 w/cm
65
US - effects - nonthermal
generated by very low intensity or pulsed sound energy | typically 20-50% duty cycle
66
US - nonthermal - cavitation
Alternating compression (condensation phase) and expansion (refraction phase) of small gas bubbles in tissue fluids caused by mechanical pressure waves
67
US - nonthermal - cavitation - stable
gas bubbles resonate without tissue damage
68
US - nonthermal - cavitation - unstable
Sever collapse of gas bubbles during compression phase of US and can result in local tissue destruction due to high temp
69
US - nonthermal - cavitation - unstable - acoustic streaming
movement of fluids along the boundaries of cell membranes resulting from mechanical pressure wave
70
US - contraindications
Impaired circulation, cog function, sensation, malignant tumor, thrombophlebitis, over the brain, ear, eye, heart, cervical ganglia, carotic sinus, reproductive organs, spinal cord, pacemaker, pelvis with pregnancy
71
US - DO not use US for
reducing swelling, promoting joint healing, long term pain relief
72
US - direct contact - intensity
0.5-2.5 Lower for acute/thin tissue Higher for chronic/thick tissue
73
Phonophoresis
The use of US to drive medications through the skin into deeper tissues lidocaine or dexamethazone for ex
74
Phonophoresis - mode, tx time, intensty
pulsed mode 20% tme is 5-10 min 0.5-0.75
75
Shortwave diathermy
deep heating within the tissues
76
Shortwave diathermy - indications with theraml
Inc joint ROM pain management inc tissue healing
77
Shortwave diathermy - indications with non thermal
Pain control dec edema resolution of acute or chronic infection wound control and soft tissue healing
78
Shortwave diathermy - contraindications
pregnancy | cardiac pacemaker, neural stimulator or any implanted device

NPTE Biophysical Agents (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions