Physical and Chemical Principles Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
What is the maximum capacity of d-orbital?
A
10 electrons
2
Q
What is the shape of s-orbital?
A
Spherical
3
Q
What do you mean by Zeeman Effect?
A
Splitting of spectral lines by magnetic field
4
Q
Which series of hydrogen atomic spectrum lies in the visible region?
A
Balmer series
5
Q
The element with the minimum atomic number having 8 electrons in the outer most shell is what?
A
Neon
6
Q
How many electrons can be accommodated in the M shell?
A
18
7
Q
An electron jumps in to the next lower orbit when loses what?
A
One quantum of energy
8
Q
Who put forward the principle of uncertainty?
A
Werner Heisenberg
9
Q
The steady state from which no spontaneous change takes place is called what?
A
Equilibrium
10
Q
The chemical reactions which never go to completion are called what?
A
Reversible reactions
11
Q
The process of manufacture of Sulfuric acid is named as what?
A
Contact Process
12
Q
What is known as a system of reacting substances in which the concentrations of reactants and product do not undergo any change?
A
Chemical equilibrium
13
Q
When temperature is decreased the speed of the reaction increases. Which was the action?
A
Exothermic
14
Q
A factor which is unable to alter the equilibrium state of reactions in which only solids or liquids are present is?
A
Pressure
15
Q
What must be constant for the system to reach equilibrium?
A
Temperature
16
Q
Name the reactant used in excess in contact process?
A
Air
17
Q
Name the scientist who described about reactions that go forward and backward.
A
Berthollet
18
Q
What is the name of process used for manufacturing ammonia direct from Nitrogen and hydrogen elements?
A
Haber Process
19
Q
Who put forward a principle relating to the equilibrium system?
A
Le Chatelier
20
Q
Which is the best conductor of electric current?
A
Silver
21
Q
Which substance increases its electrical resistance on increasing temperature?
A
Metallic conductors
22
Q
Who gave the scientific explanation to the electrolytic reaction?
A
Faraday
23
Q
Which non-metal shows metallic conduction?
A
Graphite
24
Q
Which has greater ability to giveaway electron?
A
Sodium atom
25
Electrolytic refining is used to refine what?
Copper
26
Which group contains the elements with the largest atomic size?
First group
27
What is the basis for modern classification of the elements?
Atomic number
28
What kind of elements form co-ordination compound?
Transition metals
29
What are the elements of second group called?
Alkaline earth metals
30
Who was the first one to start the classification of elements?
Mendeleev
31
Which element has the highest electron affinity?
Fluorine
32
Which elements form large number of hydrides?
Carbon
33
The gas given out when sodium is put in to water, evolves from?
Water
34
What is mean by the word halogen?
Salt producer
35
What is the total number of inner transition metals?
28
36
What kind of elements occupy maximum in the Lothar Meyer curve?
Alkali metals
37
What was the basis for Mendeleev classification of elements?
Atomic weight
38
What kind of elements generally from colored compounds?
Transition metals
39
Who studied the relationship between atomic volume and atomic weight?
Lothar Meyer
40
What kind of elements have highest ionization energy?
Rare gases
41
How many groups are there in the modern periodic table?
18
42
How many periods are there in the Long form periodic table?
7
43
Newland’s classification of elements was based on what?
Law of octaves
44
The attempt to classify the elements as triad was made by whom?
Dobereiner
45
The only metal that is naturally antibacterial
Copper
46
Densest known stable element on Earth
Osmium
47
Heaviest element found on Earth so far
Ununoctium (AN=118)
48
Most common metal in the Earth's crust
Aluminum
49
Rarest element on Earth
Astatine
50
Coldest state of matter, it also defies gravity and instead of flowing down, it flows upwards
Bose Einstein Condensate
51
Ozone can be found in
Stratosphere
52
Trace metal that causes Minamata Disease
Mercury
53
Also known as Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
RA 9003
54
A type of organism used for monitoring the pathogenic property of water
Coliform
55
The hardness of water can be expressed as g/l of?
CaCO3
56
The International Standards on Quality Management and Quality Service
ISO 9000
57
Major components of photochemical smog
NOx and hydrocarbon
58
Biological decomposition of organic matter accompanied by the production of foul smelling products in anaerobic condition
Putrefaction
59
Is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
Kyoto Protocol
60
Only nations that haven't signed Kyoto Protocol
Afghanistan, USA and Sudan
61
Finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
Montreal Protocol
62
3 factors that affect dissolved oxygen levels
Temperature, Salinity and Pressure
63
Most of the bacteria in sewage are
Saprophytic
64
Hardwater are largely made up of
Calcium and Magnesium
65
Also known as Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
RA 8749
66
Key component of photochemical smog
Ozone
67
Most expensive substance on Earth
Californium
68
A metal that melts on the palm of the hand due to its melting point
Gallium
69
Metal with the highest melting point
Tungsten
70
The only two non-white metal
Gold and copper
71
The only metal that is liquid at room temperature
Mercury
72
It is the least dense substance
Hydrogen Gas
73
Most abundant element in the universe
Hydrogen
74
Most abundant element in the Earth's crust, waters and atmosphere
Oxygen
75
The only letter not appearing in the periodic table
J
76
It states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed
Law of Conservation of Mass
77
It states that a given compounds always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by weight
Law of Definite Proportion
78
It states that if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element, are in the ratio of small whole numbers
Law of Multiple Proportion
79
Pairs of German scientists who discovered the
| atomic fission of uranium and set the stage for the nuclear age?
Hahn and Strassman
80
Who was the first American chemist to receive a Nobel Prize? He
was selected in 1914 for his precise determination of atomic weights.
Theodore Richards
81
It refers to the number of molecules or
| ions attached to a central metallic atom?
Coordination number
82
What is the common name for calcium oxide, CaO?
Quicklime
83
It refers to a material which slows
| neutrons
Moderator
84
It refers to the scattering of light by colloidal
| particles
Tyndall Effect
85
What term is used to describe silver which contains 7.5% copper?
Sterling
86
The noble gases have low boiling points because
Only weak Van der Waals forces hold the atoms together
87
What is the common name given to a mixture of three parts of
| concentrated hydrochloric acid and one part concentrated nitric acid?
Aqua Regia
88
The halogen with the largest atomic radius is
Astatine
89
How many milligrams are in one metric carat?
200 mg
90
After carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the next most abundant element
in proteins is
Nitrogen
91
What is the name of the organic compound whose chemical name is
amygdalin (pron: a-MIG-da-lin) and is found in the pits of apricots and peaches?
Laetrile
92
Name the element discovered upon its extraction from pitchblende?
Uranium
93
All proteins contain at least 5 specific elements. Four of them are
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. What is the fifth element?
Sulfur
94
Excluding Astatine, which halogen does NOT replace the other
| halogens from their compounds?
Iodine
95
The hydrolysis of a fat using a solution of a strong hydroxide is called
Saponification
96
Who hypothesized that it would be impossible to know the exact
location and exact momentum of a particle at the same time?
Heisenberg
97
Metallic elements are often obtained from ores. Name the metallic
element which is produced from the ore Bauxite.
Aluminum
98
Four of the lightest ten elements in the periodic table are solids at
standard temperature and pressure. Name these four elements.
Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon
99
Who developed the equation that is used to determine the PROBABILITY of finding the electron in any given place?
Schrodinger
100
Who patented the common dry cell?
Georges Lechalanche
101
What is the pH of a solution that is 1000 times more acidic than pure water?
4
102
What is the word that describes a substance that reacts with both
strong acids and strong bases?
Amphoteric
103
What is the name of the point on a phase diagram which indicates the
temperature above which a gas cannot be converted to a liquid?
Critical Temperature
104
A mystical substance supposedly released during combustion was called
Phlogiston
105
What term describes the process when a solid phase changes directly
to the gas phase?
Sublimation
106
What is the active ingredient in many common laxative that is also an
acid-base indicator?
Phenolphthalein
107
What naturally occurring radioactive element is so common in homes
that testing for its presence is often advisable?
Radon
108
What force between molecules tends to cause most common gases
to behave as non-ideal gases?
Van Der Waals force
109
What is the name given to the non-superimposable mirror image
forms of chiral compounds?
Enantiomers
110
What is the name of the bond that joins amino acids together in a
protein?
Peptide Bond
111
The lanthanide series elements are also known as
Rare earth elements
112
The inventor of the Kelvin temperature scale was
Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)
113
The pH range over which an indicator color change occurs is
| referred to as
Transition Interval
114
Brass is an alloy of what two elements?
Copper and Zinc
115
Alloying materials used in the manufacture of stainless steel
Chromium and Nickel
116
The first organic compound synthesized in 1828 by Frederich Wohler was
Urea
117
Name the PRINCIPAL cancer-causing agent in Agent Orange
Dioxin
118
What is responsible for the reddish, brown color of photochemical smog?
Nitrogen Dioxide
119
Which of the following chemists was the first to use letters as
symbols for elements?
Jons Jacob Berzelius
120
Enzyme that catalyzes oxidation or reduction reactions
Oxioreductases
121
Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group (such as methyl) from one molecule to another
Transferase
122
Enzyme responsible for breaking the chemical bonds with the addition water.
Hydrolases
123
Reactions that generates double bond are brought about by this enzyme
Lyases
124
Enzyme that catalyzes structural changes within a molecule – this just brings about a change in shape since there is only one substrate and one product with nothing gained or lost.
Isomerases
125
Enzyme responsible for joining of two subtrates together
Ligases
126
It is use to determine the molecular formula of oil
Saponification Number
127
Major air pollutant emitted by vehicles
CO
128
Purest form of iron
Wrought iron
129
Who was credited for the discovery of oxygen?
J.B Priestly
130
Gasoline does not dissolve in water because it contains
Alkanes
131
The melting point and boiling point of halogens:
Increases with increasing mass number
132
With regards to corrosion of metals, passivation is the process that
Inhibits further deterioration
133
Percentage hydrogen on the earth's crust
1% by weight
134
The liquid oxygen boils at
-183 degree celsius
135
Retinal, retinol and retinoic acid are stable form of
Vitamin A
136
It is derived from papaya and is a natural meat tenderirzer
Papain
137
Common microorganism used for penicillin manufacture
Mold
138
Simplest type of carbohydrate
Glucose
139
The product obtained from the hydrolysis of collagen
Gelatin
140
Acts as a hydrogen carrier in metabolic reactions
NAD
141
Group of microorganisms that grow best in the presence of low oxygen
microaerophiles
142
Protein is the main constituent of
milk
143
Glucose on reduction yields
sorbitol
144
Site for protein synthesis
cytoplasm
145
Enzymes that gives flavor in cheese
lipase
146
Bacteria which converts alcoholic solution to vinegar
acetobacters
147
Who discovered positron?
Carl David Anderson
148
The chemical most commonly used to speed sedimentation of sewage
lime
149
The second is the duration of radiation of what radioactive element?
cesium
150
The lowest energy and the most stable conformation
staggered
151
The highest energy and the least stable conformation
eclipsed
152
This gives the total number of bonds and rings in a molecule
degree of unsaturation
153
Isomers that differ in the location of a double bond and hydrogen
tautomers
