Physical and Cognitive in Late Adulthood

Question 1

Average Life Expectancy

Answer 1

The number of years that an individual born in a particular year can expect go live.

Question 2

Average Healthy Life Expectancy

Answer 2

The number of years a person born in a particular year can expect to live in full health, without disease.

Question 3

Maximum Life Expectancy

Answer 3

Species specific biological limit to length of life (in years).

Question 4

Compression of Morbidity

Answer 4

Average period of ill health (suffering) before death.

Question 5

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

Answer 5

Basic self-care tasks required to live on one’s own, such as bathing, dressing, eating, mobilizing.

Question 6

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLS):

Answer 6

Tasks necessary to conduct business of daily life. Eg. Shopping, food preparation, house keeping, paying bills.

Question 7

Visual Impairments (7)

Answer 7

Increased sensitivity to glare
Impaired color discrimination
Poor dark adaptation
Decreased depth perception
Lower visual acuity
Cataracts
Macular degeneration

Question 8

Tasting in later adult like (4)

Answer 8

Decrease in taste buds
Difficulty recognizing familiar foods
Declines in odor sensitivity
Smells self protective functions diminishes

Question 9

Why does odor sensitivity decrease 3

Answer 9

• Decrease in Smell Receptors
• Loss of neurons in brain regions that process odors
• Perception distorted: food no longer small and states right

Question 10

Vision Problems (3)

Answer 10

Loss of self-confidence
Possible problems in daily activities
Changes in leisure activities

Question 11

Hearing Loss

Answer 11

Social isolation, loneliness
Lower self-efficacy
Lower safety and enjoyment

Question 12

Decreasedtaste and smell

Answer 12

Dietary deficiencies

Potential safety risks

Question 13

Less sensitiveto touch

Answer 13

Difficulties with leisure, daily activities depending on fine judgments in texture

Question 14

Sleeping during this age

Answer 14

Reminas constant

Question 15

Sleeping times

Answer 15

Changes EArlier up and down

Question 16

Sleep difficulties

Answer 16

Insomnia
Nighttime waking
Sleep Apnea

Question 17

Fostering Restful Sleep

Answer 17

Consistent routine
Regular exercise
Using bedroom only for sleep

Question 18

Skin

Answer 18

Creases and sags Age spots

Question 19

Nose and ears

Answer 19

Broaden

Question 20

Subjective and Physical Age

Answer 20

Wanting to be younger: less positive well being

Feeling younger: More favorable well-Being

Question 21

Effective coping strategies from aging (3)

Answer 21

Prevention and compensation through diet, exercise and activity
Sense of personal control
Problem centered coping

Question 22

Adapting to physical change

Answer 22

Subjective Vs physical
Coping stratagies
Ass technologies - smart home
Person-Environment Fit

Question 23

Benefits of exercise (6)

Answer 23

Memory and executive function
Perserves brain adn CNS
Endurance training increases vital capacity
Weight-bearing exercise improves walking, balance, posture
Regular, moderate to vigorous exercise improves cognition
Importance of instilling sense of control

Question 24

What is linked to relationship satisfaction

Answer 24

Sex

Question 25

What happens to sex

Answer 25

Decline | Most married couple continue regular enjoyable sex

Question 26

Factors reducing sex

Answer 26

Erection Fewer male partners for women Poor mental and physical health

Question 27

What is Primary aging

Answer 27

Biological

Question 28

What is biological (primary aging)

Answer 28

Genetically influenced declines Affects all members of species Occurs even when health is good

Question 29

Secondary Aging

Answer 29

Declines due to hereditary defects and negative environmental influences, e.g., diet, pollution Effects individualized: major contributor to frailty

Question 30

Why does Episodic memory challenges rise substantially (5)

Answer 30

- Slower cognitive processing, reduced working memory: retain fewer details - Poor attention to context - Recall declines - Harder to remember source of information - Explicit memory tasks show greatest decline

Question 31

Implicit Memory (5)

Answer 31

- Recognition easier than recall - Supported by environmental cues - Implicit memory declines far less than explicit memory - Depends on familiarity, not conscious use of strategies - Semantic memory declines less than recall of everyday experiences (episodic memory)

Question 32

Associative Memory Deficit in Late Life (2)

Answer 32

Difficulty creating and retrieving links between pieces of information Deficits greatly affected by lack of strategy use

Question 33

What are some Difficulties when creating and retrieving links between

Answer 33

Associations between unrelated items | Sensory declines subtract from working memory

Question 34

What are helpful stratigies for memory

Answer 34

Provide memory cues | Encourage used of memory strategy of elaboration

Question 35

Autobiographical memory stronger for both remote and recent events than for

Answer 35

intermediate events

Question 36

Reminiscence bump for events of

Answer 36

adolescence, early adulthood

Question 37

Remote memory rules (4)

Answer 37

Evident across cultures Novel experiences stand out Culturally shared, important life events Strengthened through lifetime of recalling, retelling

Question 38

Prospective memory, rembering to

Answer 38

engage in planned actions in the future

Question 39

What is easier for memory ( event or time based)

Answer 39

Event

Question 40

Older adults often generate ___ memory aids to compensate

Answer 40

External

Question 41

With completed tasks, harder to

Answer 41

deactivate intention; risk of repeating

Question 42

Prospective memory - Benefit from system of

Answer 42

reminders that regularly scheduled tasks completed

Question 43

What to u lose in language

Answer 43

Retirveing words from long term ( tip of tounge state | Ability to plan what to say

Question 44

Compensatory techniques

Answer 44

speak slow | Use more and shorter sentences

Question 45

What advantage in language

Answer 45

Narrative competence

Question 46

Elderspeak hinder

Answer 46

Comprehension and conversation

Question 47

wisdom in universal and cross culturally

Answer 47

Ass with age

Question 48

the 5 ingredients of age

Answer 48

Knowledge about life’s fundamental concerns Effective strategies for applying that knowledge View of people considers multiple demands of their lives A concern with ultimate human values Awareness and management of life’s uncertainties

Question 49

What contributes to wisdom ( not age )

Answer 49

Experiences | Personal motivations

Question 50

What are types of life experiences ass with wisdom

Answer 50

Training and practice Leadership position History of overcoming adversity

Question 51

Ex. of personal motivation contributions fo wisdom

Answer 51

Continued desire for personal growth Sense of autonomy and purpose Generativity

Question 52

Factors Related to Cognitive Change

Answer 52

- Modest genetic contribution - Mentally active life: education, stimulating -leisure, community participation, flexibility - Health status - Rising instability of performance thatincreases in the seventies - Terminal decline

Question 53

Terminal Decline in cognitive change

Answer 53

Accelerated deterioration of functioning prior to death

Question 54

Selective

Answer 54

Choose personally valued activities, avoid others

Question 55

Optimize

Answer 55

Maximize returns from diminishing energy

Question 56

Maximize returns from diminishing energy

Answer 56

Find new ways to offset losses