Physical And Inorganic

Question 1

Proton

Answer 1

In nucleus
Relative mass 1
Relative charge 1+

Question 2

Neutron

Answer 2

In nucleus
Relative mass 1
Relative charge 0

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

In electron shells/orbitals
Relative mass 0 (1/2000th)
Relative charge -1

Question 4

Acid

Answer 4

Contains H+ ions
pH of 1-6
Proton donor

Question 5

Activation energy

Answer 5

Minimum energy required for a reaction to start

Minimum energy the reactant particles need to collide with for a reaction to occur between them

Question 6

Alkali

Answer 6

Contains OH- ions
pH 8-14
A proton accepter
Soluble base

Question 7

Anhydrous

Answer 7

Without water

A non crystalline solid (powder)

Question 8

Atom economy

Answer 8

Ratio or percentage of the atoms usefully used compared to the total number of atoms involved in a chemical synthesis

Question 9

Atom economy equation

Answer 9

Total Mr of useful products / total Mr of all reactants (x 100) = atom economy percentage

Question 10

Avogadro’s constant

Answer 10

N(A)
Number of particles per mole
6.02 x 10^23

Question 11

Base

Answer 11

A metal oxide or hydroxide

A proton acceptor

Question 12

Catalyst

Answer 12

A chemical that speeds up a reaction without taking part in the reaction itself

Question 13

Concentration of a solution

Answer 13

Moles of solute per 1dm^3 of solute

Units mol dm^-3 or g dm^-3

Question 14

Covalent bonds

Answer 14

Each atom sharing one electron with another atom to complete the other shell of both atoms, occurs in non metal non metal molecules or giant structures

Question 15

Empirical formula

Answer 15

The simplest whole number ration of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 16

Endothermic reaction

Answer 16

The total enthalpy of the products is higher than that of the reactants
Energy is taken in my the system
The temperature of the system will reduce

Question 17

Energy transferred

Answer 17

Mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change

Question 18

Enthalpy Change

Answer 18

The energy change taking place in a reaction

Calculated using energy transferred equation

Question 19

Exothermic reaction

Answer 19

The total enthalpy of the products is lower than that of the reactants
Energy is given out by the system
The temperature of the system will increase

Question 20

Group

Answer 20

A vertical column in the periodic table, where all the elements in the group will have similar chemical properties due to having the same number of electrons in their outer shell. The group number tells you the number of electrons in the outer shell. The group number for metals shows you the positive charge on the ion of the metal atom. 8- the group for non metals shows you the negative charge on the ion of the non metal atom.

Question 21

Hydrated

Answer 21

With water

Crystalline solid

Question 22

Ionic bond

Answer 22

The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
Occurs in metal and non metal compounds

Question 23

Isotope

Answer 23

Atoms of the same elements with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

Question 24

Metal carbonate

Answer 24

Metal ion with the carbonate ion

Question 25

Metallic bond

Answer 25

The electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and delocalised electrons in a metallic lattice occurs between metal atoms

Question 26

Molar gas volume

Answer 26

Gas volume per mole | Units dm^3 mol^-1

Question 27

Molar mass

Answer 27

Mass per mole of substance | Units g mol^-1

Question 28

Mole 'mol'

Answer 28

Is the units from the amount of a substance

Question 29

Molecular formula

Answer 29

The number and type of each element in a molecule

Question 30

Oxidation

Answer 30

Is the loss of electrons | Gain of oxygen

Question 31

Percentage composition

Answer 31

The % of each element that makes up the whole of a compound

Question 32

Percentage yield

Answer 32

The % of a substance formed in a chemical synthesis compared to the theoretical yield calculated from the stoichiometric equation

Question 33

Percentage yield equation

Answer 33

Actual yield/ theoretical yield x 100 = percentage yield

Question 34

Period

Answer 34

A horizontal row in the periodic table . Across a period the elements will show a recurring periodic pattern in structure, bonding, melting and boiling points , ionisation energies and atomic radius. The period number shows the number of quantum electron shells that the elects in the period will have

Question 35

Redox

Answer 35

This is a reaction where both oxidation and reduction happen to species taking part in the reaction

Question 36

Reduction

Answer 36

Is the gain of electrons | Loss of oxygen

Question 37

Relative atomic mass

Answer 37

Weighted mean mass of an atom compared with the 1/12th mass of carbon 12

Question 38

Relative formula mass

Answer 38

The sum of the relative atomic masses of the ratio of all the atoms in a giant structure

Question 39

Relative isotopic mass

Answer 39

Mass of an isotope compared with the 1/12th mass of carbon 12

Question 40

Relative molecular mass

Answer 40

(Mr) | The sum of the relative atomic masses of all the atoms in a simple molecule

Question 41

Salt

Answer 41

Neutral compound made when an acid is neutralised Name is in 2 parts The first from the positive ion that the Acid reacts with Second from the acid that is being neutralised

Question 42

Reversible reaction

Answer 42

The reaction can go in both direction | The system is in dynamic equilibrium