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Personal Development > Physical (Brain) and Emotional > Flashcards

Physical (Brain) and Emotional Flashcards

1
Q

neural/cell level or person and interpersonal level:

connection/electrochemical

A

neural/ cell level

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2
Q

neural/cell level or person and interpersonal level:

growth (myelination); pruning (use it or lose it)

A

neural/ cell level

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3
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

personal decisions and actions

A

person and interpersonal level

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4
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

interaction with people, events, environment

A

personal and interpersonal level

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5
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

developmental phases over lifetime with sensitive/ critical periods

A

neural/ cell level

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6
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

individual response to environmental stimuli

A

person and interpersonal level

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7
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

relationships

A

person and interpersonal stimuli

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8
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

plasticity of the association areas – reflection (not just reaction to stimuli)

A

neural/ cell level

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9
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

plasticity of the association areas – reflection (not just reaction to stimuli)

A

neural/ cell level

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10
Q

what period refers to the transition between childhood and adulthood, which involves biological, cognitive, and other developmental changes?

A

adolescent period

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11
Q

if adolescent period ends when the individual becomes a stable and functioning member of a society, when does it start?

A

onset of puberty/ puberty

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12
Q

true or false: adolescence is a time of growth and maturation in the brain.

A

true

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13
Q

true or false: after the period of emotional development, the result is a more sophisticated brain.

A

false. brain development, not emotional development.

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14
Q

among the physical effects of adolescence, which does not belong to the group?

  • sleep for longer periods
  • become more anxious
  • become clumsy as a result of growth spurt
  • become more sensitive about their weight
  • become concerned that they are not developing at the same rate as their peers
  • feel awkward towards the opposite sex
A

become more anxious

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15
Q

during sleep, which gland releases hormones that are necessary for development?

A

pituitary gland

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16
Q

true or false: circadian rhythm is regulated by enzymes.

A

false. it is regulated by hormones.

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16
Q

true or false: circadian rhythm is regulated by enzymes.

A

false. it is regulated by hormones.

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16
Q

true or false: circadian rhythm is regulated by enzymes.

A

false. it is regulated by hormones.

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17
Q

this hormone helps a person wind down

A

melatonin

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18
Q

what hormone helps a person wake up?

A

cortisol

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19
Q

true or false: during adolescence, the release of melatonin gets hay wired, and the sleep clock gets pushed back

A

true

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20
Q

produces tendency to nurture the young, to flee when frightened, and to play

A

limbic system

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21
Q

produces instinctive behavior, such as looking for food, grooming, establishing territory, and forming social groups

A

brain stem

22
Q

control panel for processing information

A

cortex

23
Q

what are the three levels at which the cortex processes information?

A
  1. receiving sensory stimuli
  2. organizing stimuli into meaningful patterns
  3. associating patterns to develop abstract types of learning and thinking
24
Q

true or false: brains are around 95% fully developed by around age six in terms of size, connections, and structures.

A

false. the brain is 95% fully developed by around age six in terms of size, but there are things going on in the connections and structures of a teenager’s brain

25
Q

a phase of physiological change triggered by the release of hormones, begins in early adolescence

A

puberty

26
Q

true or false: the onset of puberty is an intense developmental period with hormones signaling the development of primary sex characteristics (genitalia) and secondary sex characteristics (e.g. facial hair in boys, breast development in girls)

A

true

27
Q

true or false: the increased adrenal hormone production affects skeletal growth, hair production, and skin changes

A

true

28
Q

true or false: girls and boys mature at the same rate

A

false. girls tend to mature one to two years earlier than boys

29
Q

true or false: these highly visible changes and disparate rates of maturity causes many young adolescents to feel confident about differences in their physical developments

A

false. these changes make adolescents feel uncomfortable.

30
Q

what direction does the brain mature?

A

inside to outside and back to front

31
Q

part of the brain that focuses on memory, understanding, language

A

temporal lobe

32
Q

part of the brain that focuses on movement

A

motor cortex

33
Q

part of the brain that focuses on sensations

A

sensory cortex

34
Q

part of the brain that focuses on vision

A

occipital lobe

35
Q

part of the brain that focuses on executive functions, thinking, planning, organizing and problem-solving, emotions and behavioral control, personality

A

frontal lobe

36
Q

part of the brain that focuses on perception, making sense of the world, arithmetic, spelling

A

parietal lobe

37
Q

This part of the brain is involved in:

  • self-control
  • planning
  • inhibiting inappropriate actions
  • problem-solving
  • multi-tasking
  • decision-making
  • self-awareness
  • social interaction
A

prefrontal cortex

38
Q

what does fMRI stand for?

A

functional magnetic resonance imaging

39
Q

true or false: prefrontal development and higher-level learning are stimulated by the following:

reading thoughtful and mentally challenging materials
reflecting
planning
problem-solving

A

true

40
Q

what is the grey matter in the cortex?

A

cell bodies or nerve cells

41
Q

what is the white matter in the cortex?

A

axons/myelin/cables that connect the nerves

42
Q

part of the neuron that receive messages from other cells

A

dendrites

43
Q

part of the neuron that refers to the cell’s life or support center

A

cell body

44
Q

part of the neuron that covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

A

myelin sheath

45
Q

part of the neuron that form junctions with other cells

A

terminal branches of axon

46
Q

part of the neuron that passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

A

axon

47
Q

the electrical signal traveling down the axon

A

neural impulse

48
Q

how does the cortex “mature”?

A
  1. Neurons have to “chat” or connect with other neurons.

2. Neurons need to connect faster. It happens with the growth of myelin sheath, which helps to transmit signals faster.

49
Q

if one neuron sends a lot of signals that excite another neuron, the synapse between the two is strengthened.

A

synaptic connection

50
Q

the opposite of synaptic connection

A

synaptic pruning

51
Q

fill in the blanks: structural change happens while ____, ____, ____ to environmental encounters.

A

developing, changing, responding

52
Q

what part of the brain do teenagers use to identify and respond to facial expressions?

A

amygdala

53
Q

what part of the brain do adults use to identify and respond to facial expressions?

A

prefrontal area

54
Q

true or false: fast development is immediately experienced at first, which results in increased adaptability in the future.

A

false. slow development is experienced at first, but the result is increased adaptability in the future.

55
Q

true or false: delayed period of development keeps the brain’s flexibility longer.

A

true

Personal Development (5 decks)

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