Physical Chemistry

Question 1

What is Boyles law

Answer 1

Relationship between pressure and volume

Question 2

What is Boyles equation

Answer 2

P1V1=P2V2

Question 3

What is Charles law

Answer 3

The relationship between volume and temperature

Question 4

What is Charles equation

Answer 4

V1/T1=V2/T2

Question 5

What is Avogadro’s law

Answer 5

The relationship between quantity and volume

Question 6

What is Avogadro’s equation

Answer 6

V1/n1=V2/n2

Question 7

What is Amontons law

Answer 7

The relationship between pressure and temperature

Question 8

What is Amontons equation

Answer 8

P1/T1=P2/T2

Question 9

What is the overall gas law equation

Answer 9

PV=nRT

Question 10

What is the value of the R constant and what are the two common units used

Answer 10

8.314 JK-1Mol-1
Or
8.314 KPaLK-1Mol-1

Question 11

What is Daltons law

Answer 11

The overall pressure is a sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases

Question 12

To convert from 1 letre to m3 you must….

Answer 12

Divide by 1000

Question 13

What does volatile mean

Answer 13

High boiling point

Question 14

What is Grahams law

Answer 14

If P and T are constant, the rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the gasses molar mass

Question 15

What is effusion compared to diffusion

Answer 15

Effusion is the act of forcing a gas through a hole smaller than the mean path of partials. Diffusion is through a gap as big or bigger than the mean path of particals

Question 16

What is a rigid thermodynamic system

Answer 16

A system that transfers heat but not work

Question 17

What is an adiabatic thermodynamic system

Answer 17

A system that transfers work but not heat

Question 18

What is the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 18

Energy is always conserved

Question 19

What is the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 19

The entropy of the universe increases with a spontaneous reaction, if left alone a reaction will tend towards a higher probibility.

Question 20

What is the third law of thermodynamics

Answer 20

That a pure crystalline solid at 0 Kalvin will have a delta S of zero

Question 21

What is the equation demonstrating the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 21

deltaU=q+w (the sum of heat and work done)

Question 22

What are state functions

Answer 22

‘Path independent’. It is determined by the initial and final states, not all the states to get to the final state.

Question 23

What does PV mean and what is the equation

Answer 23

Pressure-volume work when gas undergoes a volume change

w=-PdeltaV

Question 23

What is the opposite of state function

Answer 23

Path function

Question 23

What is enthalpy in terms of internal energy and PV work

Answer 23

H=U+PV

Question 24

What is the term for a reaction under constant pressure

Answer 24

Isobaric

Question 24

What is Hess's law

Answer 24

The sum of enthalpy changes for a whole reaction can be found using the enthalpy change of differing reaction steps as enthalpy is a state function and pathway independent

Question 24

What is the term for a reaction under constant volume

Answer 24

Isochoric

Question 25

Does enthalpy tabulated data have a zero value

Answer 25

No

Question 26

What is deltaHf

Answer 26

This is the enthalpy change in formation of the species from its elements in their standard states

Question 27

What is the deltaHf of elements in their most stable state. E.G. O2

Answer 27

Zero

Question 28

What does deltaHr' mean

Answer 28

This is a reactions enthalpy in standard conditions (1 bar pressure and 25 degrees). This allows for reactions to be comparable

Question 29

What is the heat capacity refer to

Answer 29

The amount of heat required to heat to raise the temperature by 1 degree

Question 30

What is the difference between heat capacity "C" and "c"

Answer 30

C is for molar, c is for grams (specific heat capacity)

Question 31

What is the equation for c

Answer 31

c=q/(mxdeltaT)

Question 32

What is the difference between K and Q

Answer 32

Q refers to the reaction quotient when the reaction is not in equilibrium. K refers to the reaction equilibrium when the reaction is at equilibrium, denoted with 'e' beside the concentrations

Question 33

What can be used instead of concentration in the equilibrium constant if only gasses are involved

Answer 33

Partial pressures

Question 34

What does it mean if K=Q

Answer 34

Equilibrium

Question 35

What does it mean if Q>K

Answer 35

The concentration of products exceeds reactants

Question 36

What does it mean if Q

Answer 36

The concentration of reactants exceeds the products

Question 37

Does entropy have an absolute zero

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

What is a reversible reaction

Answer 38

- Conceptual - Occurs over a infinite tine - system and surroundings return to their original states - always in equilibrium - results in max work done by the system

Question 39

Total entropy of a reaction is........

Answer 39

deltaS surroundings+deltaSsystem

Question 40

What is Gibbs free energy and its equation

Answer 40

Alternative function to entropy to predict natural direction. deltaG=deltaH-deltaSxT

Question 41

Why is Gibbs preferred

Answer 41

You only have to know the data for the system

Question 42

What is the reaction for deltaG in not standard state

Answer 42

deltaG=deltaG'+RTlnQ

Question 43

What unit must be used for deltaG'

Answer 43

JMol-1

Question 44

What 4 things affect kinetics of a reaction

Answer 44

- Physical states - Concentration of reactants - The temperature that the reaction occurs at - The presence of a catalyst

Question 45

What is the rate of reaction for 2A -> B

Answer 45

-1/2[A]/dT = [B]/dT

Question 46

What is the unit for a zero order reaction

Answer 46

MolL-1s-1

Question 47

What is the unit for a first law reaction

Answer 47

s-1

Question 48

What is the unit for a second law reaction

Answer 48

LMol-1s-1

Question 49

What is the unit for a third law reaction

Answer 49

L2Mol-2s-1

Question 50

What is the cool feature of one of the rate order half life plot

Answer 50

First order reaction has a constant half life length

Question 51

What is theorized to exist at the peak of the activation energy curve

Answer 51

A activator complex at the transition state

Question 52

What does the Arrhenius equation involve

Answer 52

Links the rate constant to activation energy

Question 53

What does A refer to in the Arrhenius equation

Answer 53

This is the preexponential factor, the frequency of collisions and the probibility the collisions are successful- slight dependance on temperature so only approx

Question 54

What is a homogenous catalyst

Answer 54

A catalyst in the same phase as the reactants, is regenerated

Question 55

What is a heterogenous catalyst

Answer 55

A catalyst that is of differing phase to the reactants, usually a metal that the reactants can react on, provides surface area for reactants to get into correct orientation