Physical Chemisty Bonding 3 Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is ionic bonding
Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals
Electrons are transferred from metal atoms to non-metal atoms
Positive and negative ions are formed
Why do ions attract each other?
Two ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic attraction between their opposite charges. The attraction spreads throughout the compound. Every positive ion attracts every negative ion and vice versa.
What is the structure called that ionic compounds exist in?
Lattice
What are ionic compounds at room temp
Solids
Do ionic compounds have low or high melting points and why?
High melting points as they have a giant structure. This is because in order to melt an ionic compound, energy must be supplied to break up the lattice of ions.
Do ionic compounds conduct electricity if yes when
Yes, but only when molten or dissolved in water but not when solid. This is because the ions that carry the current are to free to move in liquid state not solid.
What does aqueous mean
Dissolved in water
Why do ionic compounds shatter easily
This is because they form a lattice of alternating positive and negative ions. A blow can cause the ions to move and produce contact between like charges.
What is the ionic formula of ammonium
NH4+
What is the ionic formula for Carbonate
CO3 ^2-
What is the ionic formula for hydroxide
OH^-
What is the ionic formula for Nitrate
NO3^-
What is the ionic formula for Sulfate
SO4 ^2-
What is an ionic compound
when oppositely charged ions come together and form ionic bonds you get an ionic compound
What is a covalent bond
Covalent bond forms between a pair of non metal atoms
they do this to get a full shell of electrons.
What does a single covalent bond contain
a shared pair of electrons
How does sharing electrons hold atoms together?
Atoms with covalent bonds are held together by the electrostatic force of attraction between the nuclei and the shared electrons
What happens in a double bond
In a double bond four electrons are shared. For example Oxygen. you represent double bonds with two lines.
How do you represent a triple bond
three lines
What is co-ordinate/covalent bonding?
Where one of the atoms provides both of the shared electrons. For example: NH4+ is formed by co-ordinate bonding. It forms when a nitrogen atom in an ammonia molecule donates a pair of electrons to a proton H+.
What is metallic bonding
Metals exist as a giant lattice of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons. This means the electrons are able to move about the metal. Furthermore, the positive ions are attracted to the negative electrons meaning they are closely packed
What does the number of delocalised electrons depend on?
It depends on the amount of electrons lost by each metal atom.
Why are metals good conductors of electricity
The delocalised electrons can move and carry a current.
Why are metals good conductors of heat
The delocalised electrons can pass kinetic energy to each other, making metals good thermal conductors.
