Physical Education

Question 1

Acute

Answer 1

The immediate response the body has to physical stress (exercise).

Question 2

Aerobic power

Answer 2

The rate of energy production from the aerobic energy system (i.e. energy produced in the presence of oxygen).

Question 3

Aerobic glycolysis

Answer 3

The breakdown of glycogen in the presence of oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, water and heat.

Question 4

Anaerobic capacity

Answer 4

The total amount of energy obtainable from the anaerobic energy systems (the combined capacity of the ATP-PCr system and anaerobic glycolysis system).

Question 5

Anaerobic glycolytic energy system

Answer 5

An energy system that relies on the breakdown of glycogen, in the absence of oxygen, to produce energy. Also known as the glycolytic/ non-oxidative energy system

Question 6

Anaerobic power

Answer 6

The amount of energy that can be generated by the anaerobic energy systems per unit of time. Rate of energy production anaerobically.

Question 7

ATP-PCr energy system

Answer 7

An immediate energy system that does not require oxygen. Also known as the phosphagen system.

Question 8

Associative phase

Answer 8

The second phase in the learning of a new skill in which movement patterns become more refined and consistent through practice.

Question 9

Autonomous phase

Answer 9

The final phase in the learning of a new skill in which the control of movement appears to be automatic and free of the need for constant attention.

Question 10

Blocked practice

Answer 10

A type of practice in which each skill component is practiced repetitively as an independent block.

Question 11

Centre of mass

Answer 11

The theoretical point in an object at which its entire mass appears to be concentrated; also known as centre of gravity.

Question 12

Chronic adaptations

Answer 12

Physiological changes of the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems as a result of long-term training.

Question 13

Cognitive phase

Answer 13

The initial phase in the learning of a motor skill where the emphasis is on conscious understanding of the task requirements.

Question 14

Degrees of freedom

Answer 14

The number of independent variables (muscles, joint angles) that must be simultaneously controlled to produce purposeful movement.

Question 15

Displacement

Answer 15

The difference between the initial position and the final position of an object.

Question 16

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 16

A polypeptide hormone produced in the kidneys. Synthetic EPO is an illegal performance-enhancing supplement that may improve performance in endurance events.

Question 17

Force summation

Answer 17

The correct timing and sequencing of body segments and muscles through a range of motion.

Question 18

Hypertrophy

Answer 18

An increase in the size of each cell forming a tissue.

Question 19

Homeostasis

Answer 19

Maintenance of metabolic equilibrium in an organism.

Question 20

Inactivity

Answer 20

Not being physically active – failure to meet the desired levels of physical activity as described by the Physical Activity Guidelines.

Question 21

Interplay

Answer 21

The three energy systems working together to produce the energy required for the activity being undertaken.

Question 22

Inertia

Answer 22

The resistance of a body to a change in its state of motion.

Question 23

Isoinertial

Answer 23

Muscle action where the force is constant throughout the motion.

Question 24

Isokinetic

Answer 24

Muscle action where the velocity of movement is constant throughout the motion.

Question 25

isometric

Answer 25

Muscle action where the muscle length remains constant while force is developed.

Question 26

Kinematics

Answer 26

The description of motion.

Question 27

Lactate inflection point (LIP)

Answer 27

The point of inflection on the curve of blood lactate vs. exercise intensity above which, as the rate of lactate production exceeds removal, blood lactate concentrations increase disproportionally with increasing exercise intensity.

Question 28

Kinetics

Answer 28

The study of forces that cause motion.

Question 29

Moment of inertia

Answer 29

A measure of an object’s resistance to change in its rate of rotation.

Question 30

Momentum

Answer 30

The product of mass and velocity. For example, a body with greater mass moving faster will have greater momentum than a lighter object moving slower.

Question 31

Muscular endurance

Answer 31

The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time.

Question 32

Muscular power

Answer 32

The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to exert a maximum amount of force in the shortest period of time.

Question 33

Muscular strength

Answer 33

Peak force that a muscle can develop.

Question 34

Physical activity

Answer 34

Bodily movement produced by contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above the basal level. This may include activities such as sport, exercise and active transport, household chores and recreational activities.

Question 35

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 35

Muscles working together to produce movement – muscles on one side of the joint relaxing to accommodate contraction on the other side of the joint.

Question 36

Sedentary behaviour

Answer 36

Activities that do not increase energy expenditure substantially above the resting level. Sedentary behaviours include activities such as sleeping, lying down, sitting, watching television and other screen-based entertainment.

Question 37

Sociocultural

Answer 37

Of, or relating to the interaction of social and cultural elements such as family, peers, community, gender, socio-economic status, cultural beliefs and traditions

Question 38

Size principle

Answer 38

The principle by which motor units are recruited in order of their size from smallest to largest.

Question 39

Social-ecological model

Answer 39

A model that recognises the interwoven relationship that exists between the individual and their environment and the factors that affect their behaviour.

Question 40

Social-ecological model

Answer 40

A model that recognises the interwoven relationship that exists between the individual and their environment and the factors that affect their behaviour.

Question 41

Speed

Answer 41

The rate of motion (distance/time).

Question 42

Stabilisers

Answer 42

Muscles which contract to fixate the area so that another limb or body segment can exert a force and move.

Question 43

Static equilibrium

Answer 43

The state in which a body has zero velocity and zero acceleration. A body is in equilibrium when the sum of all forces and the sum of all moments acting on the body are zero.