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Physical Education Semester 1 EXAM > Physical Education > Flashcards

Physical Education Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axial skeleton

A

Axial skeleton protects the inner organs of the body

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2
Q

What is the function of the skeleton

A
  1. Bones provide structure for the body
  2. Provide attatchment points for muscles
  3. Protect Vital Organs
  4. Store amounts of minerals
  5. Produce red blood cells
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3
Q

What are the 3 joint classification and their characteristics

A

FIBROUS-immovable
CARTILIGENOUS- slightly moveable
SYNOVIAL- freely moveable

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4
Q

What are the 6 synovial joints

A 
Gliding
Saddle
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Ball and socket
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5
Q

Three types of muscles

A

Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscles
Skeletal muscles

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6
Q

What are the 7 steps in explaining the sliding filament theory

A
  1. A nerve impulse in transmitted to the muscle
  2. Chemical released (calcium)
  3. Myosin filaments attatch to the actin forming cross bridges
  4. Energy is released , myosin cross-bridges oull the actin filaments inwards shortening the muscle
  5. Myosin reattach to the actin pulling consistently making a powerstroke
  6. The muscle contraction can last for as long there is enough calcium and energy to sustain the movement
  7. The muscle return to its original state
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7
Q

What are the production of movement

A

EXCITABILITY
The ability to contract in response to chemical and/or electrical signals.
EXTENSIBILITY
The capacity of a muscle to stretch beyond its normal resting length
CONTRACTIBILITY
The ability of a muscle to contract or shorten.
ELASTICITY
The ability of a muscle to return to the original resting length after it has been
stretched.

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of 2A/B and 1A fibres in the body

A

Fast twitch 2A 2B – Rapid Contreactions speeds , fatigue quicker, create greater force and power
Slow Twitch 1A – Slow contractions speeds , fatigue slower , contracts quicker creating a longer movement over time

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9
Q

What are antagonist pairs and what are the examples of one

A

Antagonistic pairs are the agonist and antagonist in a movement of 2 muscles. Exg of this in a bicep curl where the angonist muscle is the bicep and the antagonist is the tricep which is relaxing.

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10
Q

Identify the three phases of a skill

A
  1. Preparation (Before)
  2. Execution (During)
  3. Completion (Follow through)
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11
Q

Define linear motion
Define angular motion
Define general motion

A

Linear motion is the movement on a curved or a straight line however is not the change on an axis
Angular motion is the movement of an action on an axis
General is the combination of both angular and linear motions

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12
Q

Define Newtons 1st Law

A

An object will remain at rest until a force is acted upon it

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13
Q

Define Newtons 2nd Law

A

An object will require more force in reference to the mass x acceleration

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14
Q

Define Newtons 3rd Law

A

Their is an opposite and equal reaction to a force being applied

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15
Q

Identify the projectile factors that influence the trajectory

A
  1. Speed of Release
  2. Angle of Release
  3. Height of Release
  4. Gravity
  5. Spin
  6. Air Resistance
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16
Q

Contrast pulmonary and systemic circulation within the heart

A

Pulmonary circulation blood between the heart and lungs transporting deoxygenated blood in the lungs for it to be converted to oxygenated.
Systemic circulation blood is between the heart and the rest of the body and is the oxygenated blood to be pumped around the body.

17
Q

Define the functions of the respiratory system

A
  • Air first enters your body through your nose or mouth (nasal or oral cavities), which wets and warms the air. (Cold, dry air can irritate your lungs.)
  • The air then travels through pharynx to your voice box (Larynx)
  • Down your windpipe (Trachea)
  • The windpipe splits into two bronchial tubes (Bronchi) that enter your lungs
  • Bronchi branch further into bronchioles
  • Oxygen then travels into the alveoli sacs
  • Gas exchange occurs for oxygen to enter the blood stream
18
Q

Define each of the acute circulatory response to physical activity 7

A

INCREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT (HR * SV)
Total amount of blood the heart pumps every minute
INCREASED HEART RATE
Number of times heart beats per min
INCREASED STROKE VOLUME
The total amount of blood the heart pumps with each beat
INCREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE
Increases in response to exercise
TEMPERATURE REGULATION
Working muscles in heat production in the body during exercise
SELECTIVE REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD
During exercise, arteries open up and contract to allow more or less blood to reach certain areas of the body.
INCREASED ATRIOVENOUS DIFFERENCE (AVO2)

19
Q

Define each of the acute respiratory response to physical activity

A

INCREASED RESPIRATORY RATE
The increased need for oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide during exercise results in an increased breathing rate.
INCREASED GAS EXCHANGE
Diffusion – movement of a gas from high pressure to low pressure
INCREASED OXYGEN UPTAKE
Oxygen uptake increases dramatically during first few minutes of exercise (oxygen deficit) as the anaerobic energy system is the dominant energy provider
INCREASED TIDAL VOLUME
Tidal volume refers to the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal respiration

20
Q

What are the three types of forces

A

FORCE WITH MOTION—ISOTONIC FORCE
Change in the length of a muscle performed against a CONSTANT load
FORCE WITH MOTION— ISOKINETIC FORCE
Change in the length of a muscle, however, is performed against VARYING load
FORCE WITHOUT MOTION— ISOMETRIC FORCE
If the muscle length does not change, then an isometric contraction or force is being applied.

21
Q

What are the two balances

A

static balance

dynamic balance

22
Q

Factors that affect balance

A

mass of the object
Height of COG to the base of support
The midline in relation to the base of support
The area of the support increasing stability

23
Q

What are the long term adaptions

A 
	cardiac output
	heart rate (HR)
	blood pressure (BP)
	blood volume/haemoglobin
	stroke volume
	maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max)
	capillarisation
	ventilation
	oxygen exchange
	muscle hypertrophy
	increased flexibility
	increased aerobic and anaerobic capacity
24
Q

THE 4 OBSERVATION AND ANALYSING MOVEMENT

A

Preparation

Observation

Evaluation

Intervention

25
Q

What is Bernouli’s principle

A

Bernoulli’s Principle states that velocity is inversely proportional to pressure.

Physical Education Semester 1 EXAM (2 decks)

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