PHYSICAL EXAM OF URINE

Question 1

recommended urine container

Answer 1

• Disposable, wide-mouthed, and flat-bottom containers with screw caps are recommend

Question 2

What is the information that must be included in the label?

Answer 2

Patient’s name, ID number, date, time

Question 3

What additional information you can see on the label?

Answer 3

age, location, physician

Question 4

Where do you place the label?

Answer 4

On the container

Question 5

What are the things we need to consider when it comes to requisition form?

Answer 5

• Must accompany specimen
• Information must match label
• Time of receipt is stamped on requisition
• other info: type of specimen, interfering meds

Question 6

Reasons for SPECIMEN REJECTION

Answer 6

▪Unlabeled containers
▪Non-matching labels and
requisitions
▪Contaminated specimens - feces,
paper
▪Contaminated containers
▪Insufficient quantity
▪Delayed or improper transport

Question 7

performed for many years as
the diagnostic tool for many pathologic conditions by medical practitioners

Answer 7

urinalysis examination

Question 8

It is the first information contained on a routine urinalysis report.

Answer 8

physical examination

Question 9

It checks for the metabolic end products that provides useful information on the disease state of the individual

Answer 9

urinalysis examination

Question 10

what are the urine parameters?

Answer 10

urine odor, color,
transparency, pH, specific gravity, volume

Question 11

Freshly voided urine has a _________
________ becomes predominant as the specimen stands.

Answer 11

faint odor of aromatic compounds ; Ammoniacal odor

Question 12

odor of diabetic ketosis

Answer 12

sweet or fruity odor

Question 13

What is the normal color of urine?

Answer 13

yellow, light yellow, amber color

Question 14

What are factors that cause variation in
urine color.

Answer 14

diet, physical activity, medication
and disease.

Question 15

Urine colors ___________ indicate pathological
process.

Answer 15

orange, yellow-green. green,
pink, red and black

Question 16

a normal yellow urine may also
contain analyte that signifies a disease such as __________

Answer 16

glucose, ketones

Question 17

general term pertaining to the clarity of the specimen

Answer 17

transparency

Question 18

Common terms used to report the appearance of urine

Answer 18

clear, hazy, slightly cloudy, turbid and milky

Question 19

a white cloudiness may appear because of
the presence of ________

Answer 19

amorphous urates, phosphates, carbonates, calcium oxalate or uric acid crystal

Question 20

no visible particulates

Answer 20

clear

Question 21

print cannot be seen by urine

Answer 21

turbid

Question 22

few particulates, print easily seen in urine

Answer 22

hazy

Question 23

may precipitate or be clotted

Answer 23

milky

Question 24

many particulates, print blurred through urine

Answer 24

cloudy

Question 25

The four most common substances that cause turbidity aside from amorphous crystals are ________

Answer 25

WBC, RBC, epithelial cells and bacteria

Question 26

It is the reflection of the ability of the kidney to maintain normal hydrogen ion concentration in plasma and extracellular fluid

Answer 26

pH

Question 27

Normal adults with normal fluid intake will produce urine with a specific gravity of _________ during a 24 hours period

Answer 27

1.016 to 1.022

Question 28

It is based on the measurement of the refractive index of a solution which is related to the content of dissolved solids present

Answer 28

Refractometry

Question 29

methods used to measure specific gravity

Answer 29

- reagent strip - refractometer

Question 30

This chemical method consists of a reagent test pad impregnated with a __________

Answer 30

polyelectrolyte, pH indicator and is maintained at an alkaline pH

Question 31

It is an indirect colorimetric determination of the specific gravity

Answer 31

reagent strip

Question 32

It is based on the determination of urine's density at room temperature

Answer 32

hydrometry

Question 33

principle of urinometer

Answer 33

density

Question 34

less accurate than the other methods

Answer 34

urinometer

Question 35

major disadvantage of urinometer

Answer 35

Requires large volume Spinning motion

Question 36

Yellow color

Answer 36

Urochrome

Question 37

Litmus paper turns blue if urine is _____ and red if _______

Answer 37

alkaline ; acidic

Question 38

a pink pigment

Answer 38

Uroerythrin

Question 39

orange-brown

Answer 39

Urobilin

Question 40

most evident in specimens that have been refrigerated. Attaches to urates

Answer 40

Uroerythrin

Question 41

a product of endogenous metabolism, and under normal conditions the body produces it at a constant rate increased amounts produced in thyroid conditions and fasting states

Answer 41

Urochrome

Question 42

an oxidation product of the normal urinary constituent urobilinogen

Answer 42

Urobilin

Question 43

reasons why the color of urine is pale yellow

Answer 43

- Polyuria or diabetes insipidus - Diabetes mellitus - Dilute random specimen

Question 44

laboratory correlation when the urine is amber color

Answer 44

dehydration from fever or burns

Question 45

What is the recommended volume of urine container

Answer 45

- Clear containers and at least 50 -

Question 46

pediatrics urine container

Answer 46

Adhesive bags for pediatrics and large plastic containers for 24-hour specimen

Question 47

bacterial infection odor

Answer 47

foul and pungent odor

Question 48

orange-brown color indicates that the urine is

Answer 48

not fresh

Question 49

laboratory correlation when the urine is colorless

Answer 49

recent fluid consumption

Question 50

laboratory correlation when the urine is dark yellow

Answer 50

concentrated specimen