PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE SKIN, HAIR AND NAILS

Question 1

What is an exaggerated IgE-mediated immune response triggering a histamine response?

Answer 1

Atopy

Question 2

What is any exaggerated immune response to a foreign antigen regardless of mechanism?

Answer 2

Allergy

Question 3

These are examples of what?

1. Atopic dermatitis
2. Allergic asthma
3. allergic rhinitis
4. allergic conjunctivitis
5. latex and some food allergies

Answer 3

Atopic disorders

Question 4

True or False

Atopic/allergic disorders are the most common disorders among people

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or False

The IDC’s eyes and hands are the only essential tools for examination of the skin.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or False

Daylight/natural light is the best lighting for the examination.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False

Atopy has a hereditary component

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is an umbrella term used in dermatology, denotes any observed skin changes or findings and can be normal or pathologic?

Answer 8

Lesion

Question 9

What lesion is ring shaped with a central clearing?

Answer 9

Annular

Question 10

What lesion is round, coin-shaped, solid circle or oval and has a uniform appearance from the edges to the center?

Answer 10

Nummular

Question 11

What lesion is arc-shaped and often results from incomplete formation of an annular lesion?

Answer 11

Arcuate

Question 12

What lesion has multiple different shapes located closely together (Grab-bag) ?

Answer 12

Multiform

Question 13

What lesion is formed from coalescing circles, rings, or incomplete rings?

Answer 13

Polycyclic

Question 14

What lesion is target-like, with a center darker than the periphery?

Answer 14

Targetoid

Question 15

What lesion is dot-like and typically around 1mm?

Answer 15

Punctate

Question 16

What lesion has a central depression on the surface and is also known as “delled”?

Answer 16

Umbilicated

Question 17

What kind of lesion resembles a straight line?

Answer 17

Linear

Question 18

What kind of lesion is serpentine or snake like?

Answer 18

Serpiginous

Question 19

What is the most important additional feature of a lesion other than the primary morphology?

Answer 19

Lesion color

Question 20

What are the most common types of color on the skin?

Answer 20

1. Variations in brown
2. Hyperpigmentation
3. Hypopigmentation
4. Variations in red (erythema)

Question 21

True or False

Demarcation can be referred to as either borders or margins

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What are borders that are clearly defined and have a definitive stop point?

Answer 22

Well demarcated

discrete or well defined

Question 23

What is known as tight borders on a round lesion, has a clear beginning and end?

Answer 23

Circumscribed

Question 24

What kind of borders are indistinct and lack a definitive start/stop point?

Answer 24

Not well demarcated

indistinct or confluent

Question 25

What is a protein rich fluid containing cellular elements extruded from blood vessels secondary to inflammation or injury?

Answer 25

Exudate

Question 26

What is a thin, pink colored discharge associated with normal wound healing?

Answer 26

Serosanguinous

Question 27

What is a mild, yellow and cloudy discharge associated with mild infections?

Answer 27

Seropurulent

Question 28

What is a thick, yellow to green discharge typically associated with infection?

Answer 28

Purulent

Question 29

What is a thin, clear discharge associated with and expected in the inflammatory stage of wound healing?

Answer 29

Serous

Question 30

What is a thin, darker red drainage associated with capillary permeability and/or capillary injuries?

Answer 30

Sanguineous

Question 31

What is known as a dried crust?

Answer 31

Serum

Question 32

What location and distribution pattern is unilateral in the distribution of a single spinal afferent nerve root?

Answer 32

Dermatomal/Zosteriform

Question 33

What location and distribution pattern is one that lies along the distribution of a lymph vessel; implies infectious agent spreading from an acral (distal) site?

Answer 33

Lymphangitic

Question 34

What location and distribution pattern occurs in distal locations, such as on the hands, feet, wrist, ankles, ears, or penis?

Answer 34

Distal (acral)

Question 35

What location and distribution pattern occurs on the trunk or central body?

Answer 35

Truncal

Question 36

What location and distribution pattern occurs in areas usually not covered by clothing? (face or dorsal hands)

Answer 36

Sun exposed (Photo-distributed)

Question 37

What location and distribution pattern occurs in areas usually covered by one or more layers of clothing?

Answer 37

Sun protected

Question 38

What location and distribution pattern occurs over the dorsal extremities? (extensor muscles, knees, or elbows)

Answer 38

Extensor

Question 39

What location and distribution pattern happens over the flexor muscles of the extremities? (antecubital and popliteal fossae)

Answer 39

Flexor

Question 40

What location and distribution pattern occurs in the skin folds, where 2 skin surfaces are in contact? (axillae, inguinal folds inner thighs, inframammary skin)

Answer 40

Intertriginous(Latin inter, "between"; trigo, "rubbing“)

Question 41

What location and distribution pattern favors the hair-bearing locations of the skin? (scalp eyebrows, beard, central chest, axillae, genitals, nasolabial and postauricular creases)

Answer 41

Seborrheic

Question 42

What location and distribution pattern is confined to a single body location?

Answer 42

Localized

Question 43

What location and distribution pattern is widespread?

Answer 43

Generalized

Question 44

What is a generalized eruption of inflammatory lesions and is the medical term for rash?

Answer 44

Exanthem

Question 45

What kind of lesions develop as a direct result of the disease process?

Answer 45

Primary lesion

Question 46

What kind of lesions evolve from a primary lesion or develops because of the patients activities; lesions which develop from longstanding/untreated disease?

Answer 46

Secondary

Question 47

Primary or Secondary Lesions 1. Macule 2. Patch 3. Papule 4. Plaque 5. Vesicle 6. Pustule

Answer 47

Primary

Question 48

Primary or Secondary Lesions 1. Bulla 2. Wheal 3. Nodule 4. Tumor 5. Cyst 6. Telangiectasia

Answer 48

Primary

Question 49

Primary or Secondary Lesions 1. Scale 2. Crust 3. Lichenification 4. Keloid 5. Scar

Answer 49

Secondary

Question 50

Primary or Secondary Lesions 1. Atrophy 2. Excoriation 3. Fissure 4. Erosion 5. Ulcer

Answer 50

Secondary

Question 51

What is a flat, circumscribed area of color change less than 1cm in diameter?

Answer 51

Macule

Question 52

What is a flat, non-palpable, irregularly shaped macule greater than 1cm in diameter?

Answer 52

Patch

Question 53

What is an elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1cm in diameter?

Answer 53

Papule

Question 54

What is an elevated, firm, rough, lesion with a flat top greater than 1cm in diameter?

Answer 54

Plaque

Question 55

What is elevated, circumscribed, superficial fluid-filled (clear/serous) lesion less than 1 cm?

Answer 55

Vesicle

Question 56

What is an elevated, superficial lesion that is similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid?

Answer 56

Pustule

Question 57

What is a vesicle than is greater than 1cm?

Answer 57

Bulla

Question 58

What is an elevated irregularly-shaped area of cutaneous edema that is solid, transient and has a variable diameter?

Answer 58

Wheal (hive)

Question 59

What is an elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion, deeper in the dermis than a papule that is 1-2 cm in diameter?

Answer 59

Nodule

Question 60

What is an elevated and solid lesion, that may or may not be clearly demarcated, deep in the dermis and greater than 2cm?

Answer 60

Tumor (mass)

Question 61

What is an encapsulated lesion in the dermis or hypodermis; filled with liquid or semi-solid material?

Answer 61

Cyst

Question 62

What is a fine, irregular, red line produced by capillary dilation?

Answer 62

Telangiectasia

Question 63

What are loose or adherent flakes composed of stratum corneum cells?

Answer 63

Scales

Question 64

What term is used for small areas of thick adherent scales?

Answer 64

Hyperkeratotic

Question 65

What is a rough thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or irritation; accentuation of skin markings is often seen?

Answer 65

Lichenification

Question 66

What is dried serum, blood, or purulent exudate that is slightly elevated?

Answer 66

Crust

Question 67

What is a thick and fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury, epithelial tissue if replaced with connective tissue during the healing process?

Answer 67

Scars

Question 68

What is an overgrowth of scar tissue that remains confined to the site of the initial injury and may be raised or flat?

Answer 68

Hypertrophic scar

Question 69

What is an enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body due to the increased size of the constituent cells?

Answer 69

Hypertrophy

Question 70

What is an irregularly shaped, elevated scar that grows beyond the boundaries of the initial injury or wound?

Answer 70

Keloid

Question 71

What is the thinning of the skin and loss of skin markings; skin can turn translucent and paper like?

Answer 71

Atrophy

Question 72

What is a loss of part of the epidermis but not the dermis?

Answer 72

Erosion

Question 73

What is a concave loss of part of the epidermis and the dermis?

Answer 73

Ulcer

Question 74

What is a linear, hollowed out crusted loss of epidermis?

Answer 74

Excoriation

Question 75

What is a linear crack in the skin continuity from the epidermis to the dermis?

Answer 75

Fissure

Question 76

What is excessive hair (female) in non-hairy areas in a male distribution pattern?

Answer 76

Hirsutism

Question 77

What form of alopecia is a variable patchy and round hair loss on the scalp ?

Answer 77

Alopecia Areata

Question 78

What form of alopecia is hair loss secondary to excessive/constant traction ?

Answer 78

Traction alopecia

Question 79

What form of alopecia is hair loss secondary to scar formation and follicle loss?

Answer 79

Scarring alopecia

Question 80

What form of alopecia is the loss of all scalp hair?

Answer 80

Alopecia totalis

Question 81

What form of alopecia is the loss of all body hair?

Answer 81

Alopecia Universalis

Question 82

What is the normal angle of nails?

Answer 82

160 degrees

Question 83

A nail angle of >180 degrees could mean what?

Answer 83

Clubbing

Question 84

What are well circumscribed areas of thickened epidermal keratin that develop at locations of repeated pressure or friction?

Answer 84

Calluses

Question 85

What develops similarly to calluses, but have a central hyperkeratotic core that is often painful?

Answer 85

Corns (clavus)

Question 86

What are HPV lesions that occur on the soles of the feet?

Answer 86

Plantar warts

Question 87

What is an accumulation of melanocytes/nevus cells in the dermis, symmetric brown macule or papule with smooth, regular borders?

Answer 87

Nevus (mole)

Question 88

Abnormalities of the nail are typically grouped into what 3 categories?

Answer 88

1. Injury 2. Infection 3. Systemic disease

Question 89

What is bleeding from the nail bed secondary to trauma that may lead to onycholysis?

Answer 89

Subungal hematoma

Question 90

What is when the nail separates from the distal nail bed secondary to trauma, hematoma, or fungus?

Answer 90

Onycholysis

Question 91

What is known as the ingrowing of a nail, secondary to improper trimming technique or shoe compression?

Answer 91

Onychocryptosis

Question 92

What is known as a yellow, crumbling nail plate, hyperkeratotic debris beneath the nail, onycholysis, and is often due to a fungal infection?

Answer 92

Onychomycosis

Question 93

What is an infection around the nail bed caused by bacteria?

Answer 93

Paronychia