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AUBF Lab? Lab na Lab Kita mwah > Physical Examination of Urine > Flashcards

Physical Examination of Urine Flashcards

1
Q

Things to Consider in the Physical Examination of Urine

A

(1) Composition
(2) Formation
(3) Specimen Collection
(4) Volume

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2
Q

urea and other organic and inorganic chemicals dissolved in water.

A

COMPOSITION

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3
Q

Kidneys continuously form urine as an ultrafiltrate of plasma. Reabsorption of water and filtered substances essential to body function converts filtered plasma to the average daily urine output of 1200 mL.

A

FORMATION

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4
Q

clean, disposable, dry, leak proof. containers wit screw-top lids.

A

SPECIMEN COLLECTION

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5
Q

average daily output of 1200 to 1500 mL - dependent on the amount of water that the kidneys excrete

A

VOLUME

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6
Q

(4) They refer to how much urine you produce

A

Oliguria - Decreased output
Anuria - Absent
Nocturia - Night
Polyuria - Many/Increased Output (mga hubog)

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7
Q

Provides preliminary information concerning disorders like glomerular bleeding, liver disease, inborn errors of metabolism and UTI

A

Physical Examination of Urine

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8
Q

(3) Useful in the confirmation or in explaining findings in the chemical and microscopic areas of Urine Analysis

A

COLOR
CLARITY/TRANSPARENCY/APPEARANCE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY

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9
Q

Colors that can possibly determine that URINE COLOR is NORMAL

A

pale yellow (diluted)
yellow
dark yellow (concentrated)
amber

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10
Q

The pigment that constitutes the YELLOW color of urine is called as?

A

Urochrome pigment (Thudichum,1864)

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11
Q

(2) Other Pigments for the color of Urine?

A

UROERYTHRIN (Pink/Red) & UROBILIN (Orange-brown)

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12
Q

Refers to the transparency turbidity of a urine specimen

A

Urine Clarity

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13
Q

REPORTING of Urine Clarity

A

Clear, hazy, cloudy, turbid, milky

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14
Q

(8) Nonpathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A

Squamous epithelial cells
Mucus
Amorphous phosphates, carbonates, urates
Semen, spermatozoa
Fecal contamination
Radiographic contrast media
Talcum powder
Vaginal creams

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15
Q

(8) Pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A

RBCs
WBCs (also called Pus Cells, indication of UTI)
Bacteria
Yeast
Nonsquamous epithelial cells
Abnormal crystals
Lymph fluid
Lipids

But remember way apil ang bae nga nag menstrate

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16
Q

So if microscopy, the first most thing you must find in the specimen is a?

A

Squamous Epithelial cells para largo nonpathologenic
or other things like crystals, parasites etc.

17
Q

COLOR & CLARITY PROCEDURE

A
  1. Use a well-mixed urine specimen.
  2. View through a clear and clean container.
  3. View against a white background.
  4. Maintain adequate room lighting.
  5. Evaluate a consistent volume of specimen
  6. Determine color and clarity
18
Q

Basa basahi lang ni ah, Urine Clarity

A

Clear - No visible particulates, transparent
Hazy- Few particulates, print easily seen through urine
Cloudy - Many particulates, ‘print blurred through urine
Turbid - Print cannot be seen through urine
Milky - May precipitate or be clotted

19
Q

Density of solution compared with density of similar volume of distilled water at a similar temperature

  • Influenced by number and size of particles in a solution
A

Specific Gravity (SG)

20
Q

Normal SG is called?
1.003-1.035
SG: 1.010

A

Isosthenuria

21
Q

Normal SG is called?
1.003-1.035
SG: 1.010

A

Isosthenuria

22
Q

When SG is lesser than <1.003 it is called?
<1.003
SG: <1.010

A

Hyposthenuria

(Not a urine, except DI)

23
Q

When SG is greater than >1.040 it is called?
>1.040
SG: >1.010

A

Hypersthenuria

(due to radiographic dye, Refractometer)

24
Q

URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS
What is the Principle of the method Urinometry?

A

Density

25
Q

URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS
What is the Principle of the method Refractometry?

A

Refractive index

26
Q

URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS
What is the Principle of the method Harmonic oscillation densitomerry ?

A

Density

27
Q

URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS
What is the Principle of the method Reagent strip?

A

pKa changes of a polyelectrolyte

28
Q

How long does a reagent strip test take?

A

45 seconds

29
Q

True or False
Urine Odor is a part of the evaluation of a urine’s physical examination

A

False, we should not report it but as learners, we have to know why there is odor…

30
Q

What info is regarded as not yet conclusive?

A

Preliminary Information

31
Q

Reagent Strip if blue is the color?

A

decreased hydrogen Ion until it reaches the green and yellow

32
Q

Reagent Strip if Yellow is the color?

A

Markedly Increased hydrogen Ion

33
Q

Urine Odor
Upon Standing Urea breaks down into?

A

Ammonia

AUBF Lab? Lab na Lab Kita mwah (5 decks)

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