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Intro To Veterinary Technology > Physical Exams > Flashcards

Physical Exams Flashcards

How to perform a physical exam

1
Q

Tools required

A 
Stethoscope 
thermometer 
percussion hammer 
penlight 
otoscope 
glove 
ophthalmoscope
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2
Q

Skull types

A

Brachycephalic
Mesaticephalic
Dolichocephalic

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3
Q

Observation

A 
Demeanor 
body condition 
posture 
mental status 
facial expressions 
nutritional status 
neurological deficits 
head tilt 
weakness
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4
Q

Palpation

A

Using the hands and the sense of touch to detect tenderness, altered temperature, texture, vibration, pulsation, masses or swelling and other changes in body integrity

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5
Q

Light palpation

A

Performed on the abdomen to detect areas of tenderness

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6
Q

Deep palpation

A

Assess the underlying organs

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7
Q

What can’t you feel when palpating

A 
Liver 
stomach 
right kidney in the dog 
both kidneys in cats 
bladder depending on degree of dissension is felt caudoventral region
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8
Q

What can you feel when palpating

A

Left kidney

Intestines

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9
Q

Terms to use when palpating

A 
Doughy soft 
firm normal 
hard bone-like 
fluctuance soft elastic 
emphysematous air/gas in tissue
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10
Q

Percussion

A

tapping of the body surface to produce vibration and sound

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11
Q

Percussion sounds

A

Flatness: dull dense tissue (muscle/bone)
Dullness: thud like encapsulated tissue (liver and spleen)
Resonance: hollow sound (air filled lungs)
Hypersonance: booming sound (gas filled area)
Tympany: drum like sound (air filled organ)

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12
Q

Ausculation

A

Listening to sounds produced by the body maybe direct with the ear and no instrument or indirect using a stethoscope

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13
Q

Diaphragm of stethoscope

A

High-pitch sounds produced by vowels lungs and heart

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14
Q

Bell of a stethoscope

A

Lower frequency sounds that may not easily be detected by diaphragm

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15
Q

Insuring a thorough exam

A

Try to always use the same order of examination as to not forget a component of the exam

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16
Q

Two aspects of a physical exam

A

General observation and systematic approach(visual auditory olfactory and tactile senses)

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17
Q

Systematic approach

A

Slide 28

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18
Q

General appearance / initial observation

A

Slide 30

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19
Q

General appearance

A

Body and coat condition

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20
Q

Terms for coat

A

Dull scaly dry/dandruff oily/seborrheic shedding matted parasites alopecia pruritic comdomes

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21
Q

Symmetry

A

Note asymmetry observe closely for complementary or non complementary confirmation of the thorax or abdomen
note any differences in size or shape of the extremities

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22
Q

Pain scale

A

Slide 38

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23
Q

Mentation

A 
Patients attentiveness/reaction to environment provides basis to evaluate the degree of 
Consciousness 
Depression
Excitement
Overreaction to stimuli
Vision/balance
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24
Q

Normal temp in dogs

A

100 to 102.2 degrees F

25
Normal temp in cats
100 to 102.2 degrees F
26
Celcius to Fahrenheit
F= (1.8)C + 32
27
Fahrenheit to celcius
C= (F - 32) ÷ 1.8
28
1 to 2 degrees above normal usually means:
Excitement
29
4 degrees and higher temp can mean:
Infection Inflammatory(autoimmune) Neoplastic (cancer)
30
The body maintains its normal temperature by balancing heat production with heat lost through a thermostatic feedback mechanism in which organ?
Eek
31
Complete cardiovascular system check (heart physical)
Includes: heart rate, cardiac auscultation(sound, pulse quality(rhythm)
32
Normal heart rate in dogs
60 to 160
33
Normal heart rate in cats
140 to 220
34
When getting a heart rate
Should listen to both left and right sides | Place stethoscope between 4th and 6th intercostal spaces
35
Left side of heart (which is point of maximal intensity?)
3 valves - mitral - aortic - pulmonic
36
Right side of heart
1 valve | -tricuspid
37
What is a lub-dub?
S1(lub):loud low pitch | S2(dub):closure of semilunar valves
38
Abnormal heart sounds
Murmur(swishing) | Muffled (fluid in chest)
39
Normal sinus
Regular heart beat with normal rate
40
Sinus arrhythmia
Normal to slow hr and increases during inspiration and decreases on expiration Normal in dog and cat
41
Other arrhythmias
Increase or decrease not associated with inspiration/expiration (skips a beat, pauses too long)
42
Pulse deficit
Listen to heart at same time as palpatine femoral pulse
43
Bounding pulses
Fever Hyperthyroidism Early shock
44
Pluses is weak
Late shock | Hypotension
45
Pluse areas
Over the dorsum of metatarsal area Middle of thigh near where leg joins body Difficult to hear in cats
46
MM(mucous membrane)
Indication of the blood flow to peripheral tissue
47
CRT(capillary refill time)
``` Reflects perfusion of peripheral tissue Time required for blood to refill capillaries after displacement by finger Normal 1 to 2 seconds Longer than -poor peripheral perfusion -shock vasodilation vasoconstriction heart failure Less than -anxiety, compensatory shock, fever pain ```
48
Pulse strength and quality
Indicates strength of heart to move blood through system
49
Body temp
Indicates if blood is moving slow or fast through system
50
Places to view mm
Gingivae over k9 Conjunctiva of the eye Inside vulva membranes Penis membrane
51
Jugular
Shouldn't see jugular pluse normally | Look for pulse and distention
52
Pink mm
Normal | Adequate perfusion/oxygenation of peripheral tissue
53
Pale/white mm
Anemia poor perfusion vasoconstriction | Blood loss, shock, decrease peripheal blood flow
54
Blue cyanotic
Inadequate oxygenation | Hypoxemia
55
Brick red mm
Increase perfusion vasodilation | Early shock, sepsis, fever, systemic inflammatory response syndrome
56
Yellow icteric mm
Bilirubin accumulation | Hepatic or biliary disorder and or hemolysis
57
Brown mm
Methemoglobinemia | Acetaminophen toxicity in cats, intravascular hemolysis
58
Petechiae (red splotchy) mm
Coagulation disorder | Platelet disorder, DIC, coagulation factor deficiencies
59
7 questions to ask during history information
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Intro To Veterinary Technology (1 decks)

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