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Radiology > Physical Injury and Internal Derangement > Flashcards

Physical Injury and Internal Derangement Flashcards

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1
Q

Wedge-shaped fragment from a long bone at the apex of the injury

A

Butterfly fragment

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2
Q

MOI of a Torus fracture

A

Axial loading of a long bone

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3
Q

Infraction of the 2nd MTP head is known as

A

Freiberg

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4
Q

Demographics of a patient that is a victim of child abuse

A

1-4 YO in low socioeconomic houses and single mothers

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5
Q

Extra-osseous manifestations of child abuse

A

Skin and mucosal lesions, myositis, malnutrition, retinal detachment, GI injuries, subdural hematoma

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6
Q

Main 5 Salter-Harris fractures

A 
Type 1: Physis i.e slippage
Type 2: Metaphysis
Type 3: Epiphysis
Type 4: Meta and Epiphysis
Type 5: Crushed physis
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7
Q

What is the MC Salter Harris fracture

A

Type 2 in 73% followed by Type 4 (12%)

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8
Q

What are the extra 4 types of Salter Harris fractures

A

Type 6: Perichondral ring injury
Type 7: Intra-epiphysial Fx without physeal injury
Type 8: Metaphyseal Fx without physeal injury
Type 9: Periosteal injury

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9
Q

Describe a triplanar Fx in terms of Salter-Harris

A

Truly a SH 4, but SH2 on lateral view and SH3 on AP

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10
Q

MC location and age of Spontaneous Insufficiency Fracture of the Knee

A

MFC (6 O’clock) and in 55+YO

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11
Q

Stress fracture sites from prolonged standing

A

Sesamoids of metatarsal bones, metatarsal shafts, calcaneus

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12
Q

Stress fracture sites from long distance running

A

Navicular, mid-tibia, distal fibula, femoral shaft/neck,

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13
Q

What are the 3 stages of fracture repair

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Reparative
  3. Remodeling
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14
Q

What is the upper limit of safe field strength

A

0.0005T = 5 Gauss

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15
Q

Best MR sequence for anatomical evaluation

A

T1WI

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16
Q

Best MR sequence for menisci and Gray-White matter differentiation

A

PD

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17
Q

Best MR sequence for adrenal lesions/ microscopic fat

A

In-Out of phase imaging

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18
Q

Best MR sequence for blood products and is quick

A

Gradient Echos

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19
Q

TR, TE, TI, Flip angle of T1

A

<1000, <30, no TI, 90 degree FA

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20
Q

TR, TE, TI, Flip angle of PD

A

> 1000, <30, no TI, 90 degree FA

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21
Q

TR, TE, TI, Flip angle of T2

A

> 2000, >60, no TI, 90 degree FA

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22
Q

TR, TE, TI, Flip angle of STIR

A

> 2000, >60, 120-150 TI, 90-180 degree FA

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23
Q

What angle does the magic angle phenomenon occur

A

55 degrees

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24
Q

Grading and description of tendon injury

A

Grade 1 - tendon thickening
Grade 2 - Thinning and attenuation
Grade 3 - Rupture with or without retraction

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25
Signal intensity of blood on T1/T2 in Acute, Early subacute, late subacute and chronic stage
Acute - low on T1/T2 Early subacute - High T1/Low T2 Late subacute - High T1/T2 Chronic - Low T1/T2
26
What are the 6 layers of Articular cartilage (Deep to Superficial)
``` Subchondral bone Calcified zone Tidemark zone Radial zone Transitional zone Superficial zone ```
27
Demographics of osteochondral fractures
M>F, 15-25 YO
28
Grades of a osteochondral fracture
1 - Collapse 2 - Partial separation 3 - In-situ, complete separation 4 - Floating in the joint space
29
Levine and Edward's classification is used for what fracture
Hangman fracture | Based on displacement and facet dislocation
30
MC location of a compression fracture
T10
31
Are compression fx above T7 common?
Uncommon, should be treated as pathological until proven otherwise
32
MC location of a Chance/Seatbelt fracture
L1 and L2
33
What injuries should be ruled out with a chance fracture
Intra-abdominal injuries (duodenum, pancreas and spleen lacerations)
34
MC location of an extension teardrop fracture
C2
35
MC location of a flexion tear drop fracture
C5
36
Ossification of the vertebral ring apophysis starts and ends at what age
Starts at 6 and ends between 18-25 YO
37
What are the types of odontoid fractures and the MC type
Type 1 : tip of the dens Type 2: Waist of the dens (MC) Type 3: Base of the dens
38
What are the 5 types of spondylolisthesis
``` Dysplastic Isthmic (MC) Degenerative (MC) Traumatic pathologic ```
39
Describe a Malgaigne Fx
IPSI superior and inferior pubic rami and IPSI SI/iliac/Sacral fx
40
Describe a Bucket-handle Fx
IPSI superior and inferior pubic rami fx and CONTRA SI/Iliac/Sacral Fx
41
MOI and Describe a Straddle Fx
MOI: Direct cephalic force. Bilateral fracture of the superior and inferior pubic rami
42
Complication of a Straddle fx
Bladder and urethral rupture
43
Describe a sprung pelvis
Pubic and SI diastasis with(out) fractures
44
Anterior hip dislocations are related to what sporting injury
Alpine skiing injury
45
Classification system used for Hip dislocations with femoral head fx
``` Pipkin Classification Pipkin 1: fx below fovea cap Pipkin 2: fx above fovea cap Pipkin 3: Fx of femoral head and neck Pipkin 4: Fx of femoral head and posteriosuperior acetabular rim ```
46
Hip dislocation demographics
<40 MVA >65 Secondary to fall M>F
47
Classification system for femoral neck fractures
Garden Classification Garden 1: Incomplete fracture Garden 2: Complete fx w/o displacement Garden 3: Complete fx w/ mild varus displacement Garden 4: Complete with significant displacement
48
Age group for trochanteric and intertrochanteric fx
>65 YO
49
What does the iliopectineal and ilioischial line define
``` Iliopectineal = Anterior column Ilioischial = Posterior column ```
50
Acetabular fracture classification
Judet-Letournel classification - 5 simple types (anterior, posterior columns, posterior wall/rim (common), anterior wall - 5 Combo (transverse with posterior wall, posterior column and wall, T-shaped, both columns, anterior with posterior hemi-transverse frx)
51
List stable pelvic fractures
Iliac wing (Duverney fracture), transverse sacral/coccyx fx, straddle fx and isolated pubic rami fx
52
Unstable pelvic ring fx described as ...
Widening of the anterior and posterior SIJ (i.e anterior and posterior ligament disruption)
53
MOI of pelvic ring (hint 3 kinds)
Anterior-Posterior compression, | Lateral compression, and vertical shear
54
MC location of an intracapsular femoral fracture
Subcapital
55
Fx of the lateral malleolus extending proximally
Pott's fx
56
Ankle fracture classification
Weber or Lauge-Hansen
57
MC and 2nd MC tarsal bone fx
Calcaneal and talus
58
Lateral process of the talus fx is called?
Snowboarder fx
59
Nutcracker fx
Cuboid fx from compressive forces
60
Describe Sinding-Larsen-Johansson
Fx of the lower patellar pole
61
Describe Maisonneuve fx
Proximal third fibular fx
62
Radiographic evidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
Increased acetabular angle/ shallow acetabulum Small capital femoral epiphysis Lateral and superior displacement of the proximal femur
63
What is Shenton's curve
Smooth, curved line connecting the medial border of the femoral metaphysis and superior border of the obturator foramen
64
What is Hilgenreiner line
Horizontal line through the triradiate cartilage of the acetabulum -Capital femoral epiphysis shoulder be below
65
What is Perkin line
Vertical line from the lateral margin of the ossified acetabular roof -Capital femoral epiphysis shoulder be medial
66
How to draw acetabular angle and normal measurement
Acetabular line is drawn from triradiate cartilage to lateral ossified acetabular roof and the angle is draw against Hilgenreiner's lines - normal is between 33 - 38 degrees
67
Name common labral variants
Posterior inferior sub-labral sulcus, anterosuperior cleft, transverse ligament-labral junction sulcus and hypertrophied labrum
68
Demographics for labral tears
25-50 YO | Younger with torsional athletic injury, older is more degenerative
69
What is a Morel-Lavallee lesion
Post-traumatic fluid collection the dissects a fascial plane. Can contain hemorrhagic and infectious material
70
Classification system for femoral avascular necrosis
Ficat and Arlet Classification Stage 0 - No clinica or radiographic, double line on MR Stage 1 - Normal XR, T1 single line and double line on FSPD Stage 2 - Xr with sclerosis and osteopenia, reactive bone marrow edema Stage 3 - Xr shows asphericity, collapse, sclerosis Stage 4 - Further collapse of articular cartilage and jt space narrowing
71
AVN of the femoral head in an adult is called
Chandler disease
72
AVN of the femoral head in a child is called
Legg-Calve-Perthes
73
AVN of the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Adam disease
74
AVN of the medial malleolus
Breck Disease
75
AVN of the talus
Diaz disease
76
AVN lunate carpal
Keinbock disease
77
AVN of the tarsal navicular
Kohler or Meuller-Weiss Syndrome
78
AVN of the tibial tubercle
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
79
AVN of the humeral capitellum
Panner disease
80
AVN of the ring epiphysis of the spine
Scheuermann disease
81
AVN of the calcaneus
Sever disease
82
Demographics of transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH)
M>F 40-55YO and women in 3rd trimester
83
DDx for transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH)
Early AVN, stress fx, septic arthritis and RSDS

Radiology (14 decks)

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